The impacts of earlier flowering on grain yield of winter wheat cultivars under semi-arid conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

10.22099/iar.2025.52009.1661

Abstract

The timing of wheat anthesis, often coinciding with late-season drought stress, can significantly reduce grain number and yield. Field and greenhouse experiments conducted at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, during the 2019–2021 growing seasons investigated how early flowering may mitigate yield reduction. The study aimed to assess the impact of phenological timing on yield components and overall yield performance. Ten widely adopted cultivars, introduced over the past five decades, were used. The high-yielding cultivars (Baharan, Sirvan, and Chamran) exhibited significantly more grains per spike and a greater biological yield. This increased phytomass production was accompanied by a higher harvest index. Stem elongation began earlier in the superior cultivars, while cultivars with extended flowering periods (Navid, Bayat, and Shiraz) had the lowest grain yield. Floret development monitoring revealed that floret degradation occurred earlier and lasted longer in low-yielding cultivars, beginning from the yellow anther stage. In contrast, high-yielding cultivars experienced a shorter floret abortion period, from heading to anthesis. In semi-arid regions, early flowering and reduced floret abortion periods may enhance grain yield. Unlocking the full potential of superior cultivars requires a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms driving early flowering in these varieties.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر گلدهی زودهنگام بر عملکرد دانه رقم های گندم زمستانه در شرایط نیمه خشک

Authors [Persian]

  • مریم جهانی دوغوزلو
  • یحیی امام
  • افشین زمانی
بخش تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

زمان گلدهی گندم، که اغلب با تنش خشکی اواخر فصل همزمان است، عملکرد و تعداد دانه را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش می­ دهد. این پژوهش با انجام آزمایش‌های مزرعه‌ای و گلخانه‌ای در دانشگاه شیراز در طول فصل‌های رشد 1400-1398 به بررسی چگونگی تاثیر گلدهی زودهنگام برکاهش افت عملکرد پرداخت. هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی تأثیر زمان­ بندی فنولوژیک بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بود. ده رقم با دامنه سازگاری گسترده که در پنج دهه گذشته معرفی شده‌اند، مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. عملکرد زیستی و تعداد دانه در سنبله رقم ­های پرمحصول (بهاران، سیروان و چمران) به طور قابل توجهی بیش­تر بود. این افزایش تولید زیست ­توده با شاخص برداشت بالاتر همراه بود. رشد طولی ساقه در رقم­ های برتر زودتر آغاز شد، درحالی­که رقم­ های با دوره گلدهی طولانی‌تر (نوید، بیات و شیراز) کم­ترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند. پایش نمو گلچه نشان داد که از بین رفتن گلچه در رقم­ های کم محصول، از مرحله زرد شدن بساک رخ داده و مدت طولانی‌تر ادامه داشت. در مقابل، رقم­ های پرمحصول دوره سقط گلچه کوتاه‌تری را از مرحله گلدهی تا گرده افشانی تجربه کردند. در مناطق نیمه‌خشک، گلدهی زودهنگام و کاهش دوره‌ سقط گلچه ممکن است عملکرد دانه را افزایش دهد. استفاده از پتانسیل کامل ارقام برتر نیازمند درک عمیق‌تر ساز و کارهای ژنتیکی موثر بر گلدهی زودهنگام در این رقم‌ها است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • گلدهی زودهنگام
  • نمو گلچه
  • زنده مانی گلچه
  • فیزیولوژی گندم
  • اجزای عملکرد

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 44, Issue 1
Proofs
April 2025
Pages 89-102

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