Effect of aging on soil phosphorus fractions treated with poultry manure and its derived biochar

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Nowadays, organic fertilizers such as biochar and manure in organic agriculture are widely used due to their considerable benefits. A new method should be provided to supply enough nutrients without polluting the environment. Converting animal waste to biochar was suggested as a sustainable agriculture practice to supply enough nutrients and improve soil quality. This study aims to assess the effect of poultry manure (PM) and its derived biochar (PM-BC), as well as time on distribution of soil phosphorous (P) fractions and release, along with phosphatase activity. Soil samples were treated with PM and PM-BC at three levels including 0.5%, 1%, and, 1.5% (w/w). Then, it was incubated at 25 °C with constant moisture equal to the field capacity (FC) for 140 days. In the next step, the soil samples were taken at time intervals of three hours for 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, 63, 84, 112, and 140 days to evaluate the P fractions and phosphatase activity. In the next procedure, kinetic equations were fitted to the data. The results revealed a significant difference between both treatments. However, different levels of treatments did not affect the P concentration in exchangeable (EXC), carbonate (CAB), oxide (OX), and organically bound fractions significantly. On average, the highest contents in the EXC fraction were found in 1.5% of BC treatment (PM-BC) (23 mg kg-1). In addition, the lowest P concentration in EXC fraction was observed in the control soil (8.6 mg kg-1). The P content in the OX fraction increased up to the 28th day of the incubation and continued to decrease until its end. The highest P concentration in the OX fraction was found in 1.5% PM, which was about 71% more than the control soil. An increase in time decreased the organically bound fraction. The first order (R2 = 0.97 and 0.98; S.E. = 0.14 and 0.11 for PM and PM-BC, respectively) and power equation (R2 = 0.96 and 0.98; S.E. = 0.15 and 0.21 for PM and PM-BC, respectively) described the P release from different fractions appropriately. Unlike acid phosphatase activity, PM and PM-BC increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Based on the results, the manure was more effective than biochar. No significant difference was reported among various levels of treatments (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%), indicating the cost-effectiveness of low treatment levels.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

اثر زمان بر اجزای فسفر خاک تیمار شده با کودمرغی و بیوچار حاصل از آن

Authors [Persian]

  • اکبر اسدیان
  • زهرا وارسته خانلری
  • شهریار مهدوی
گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

امروزه کودهای آلی مانند بیوچار و کود دامی به دلیل فواید قابل توجه، در کشاورزی ارگانیک کاربرد فراوانی دارند. بنابراین بایستی روش جدیدی برای تامین مواد مغذی کافی، بدون آلودگی محیط زیست ارائه شود. تبدیل فضولات حیوانی به بیوچار به عنوان یک عمل کشاورزی پایدار جهت تامین مواد مغذی کافی و بهبود کیفیت خاک پیشنهاد گردید. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر کود مرغی (PM) و بیوچار حاصل از آن (PM-BC)، در طی زمان بر توزیع اجزای فسفر (P) خاک و فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتازها انجام شد. نمونه ­های خاک با PM و PM-BC در سه سطح شامل 0/5، 1 و 1/5 درصد (وزنی/وزنی) تیمار شدند. سپس در دمای 25 درجه سانتی­گراد با رطوبت ثابت برابر با ظرفیت مزرعه (FC) به مدت 140 روز انکوباسیون گردیدند. نمونه­برداری از خاک در فواصل زمانی سه ساعت، 1، 3، 7، 14، 28، 42، 63، 84، 112 و 140 روز برای ارزیابی اجزای فسفر و فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتازها انجام شد. سپس معادلات سینتیکی بر داده­ها برازش گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بین هر دو تیمار تفاوت معنی­داری وجود دارد. با این حال، سطوح مختلف تیمارها بر غلظت فسفر در اجزای قابل تبادل (EXC)، کربناته (CAB)، اکسیدی (OX)، و آلی تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشتند. به طور میانگین، بیشترین مقدار فسفر در جز EXC در 1/5 درصد بیوچار کود مرغی (PM-BC) (23 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) و کمترین در خاک شاهد (8/6 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) مشاهده گردید. محتوای P در جز OX تا روز 28 انکوباسیون افزایش و از آن به بعد تا پایان انکوباسیون کاهش یافت. بیشترین غلظت فسفر در جز OX در 1/5 درصد PM یافت شد که حدود 71 درصد بیشتر از خاک شاهد بود. با افزایش زمان فسفر در جز آلی کاهش یافت. معادله مرتبه اول (R2=0/97 , 0/98 و SE=0/14 , 0/11 به ترتیب برای PM و PM-BC) و توانی (R2=0/98 , 0/96 و SE=0/15 , 0/21 به ترتیب برای PM و PM-BC) به ترتیب آزادسازی فسفر را از PM و PM-BC به خوبی توصیف کردند. برخلاف فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز اسیدی، PM و PM-BC باعث افزایش فعالیت فسفاتاز قلیایی شدند. بر اساس نتایج، کود دامی مؤثرتر از بیوچار بود. تفاوت معنی­داری بین سطوح مختلف تیمارها (0/5، 1 و 1/5 درصد) گزارش نشد که نشان­دهنده مقرون به صرفه بودن سطوح پایین تیمار است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • انکوباسیون
  • رهاسازی
  • سینتیک
  • فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 43, Issue 2
December 2024
Pages 33-47

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