Effect of foliar application of Azospirillum brasilense and zinc sulfate on the grain-filling process of rainfed wheat

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Agronomy and Crop Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Grain growth (by weight), grain-filling rate, and the duration of each grain-filling phase are crucial in determining the final grain weight. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of ZnSO4 on grain filling in the Sardari wheat cultivar. In the first experiment, the grain-filling rate and grain growth were assessed following foliar application of ZnSO4. The second experiment explored the effects of foliar Azospirillum brasilense, applied either alone or combined with ZnSO4, on grain-filling rate, grain growth, and the duration of both the lag phase and the linear phase of grain filling. Zinc sulfate was applied at a rate of 3 kg ha-1 at the anthesis stage, and only the main stem spike was used for assessing the grain-filling process. Richards equation was employed to simulate grain filling. The results indicated that, compared to foliar Azospirillum alone, Zn application was more effective in enhancing grain growth (by weight) and 1000-grain weight. Foliar application of ZnSO4 significantly increased the grain-filling rate, and ZnSO4, whether applied alone or combined with Azospirillum, extended the lag phase duration. Additionally, the ZnSO4 + Azospirillum treatment sustained higher relative water content in the flag leaves. While the time to reach the maximum grain weight was shorter in untreated plants, ZnSO4 combined with Azospirillum extended the lag phase and grain-filling rate. This combined treatment may benefit wheat production in semi-arid areas where soil drying during the grain-filling period often shortens this crucial phase.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

اثر محلول پاشی آزوسپیریلوم برازیلنس و سولفات روی بر فرآیند پر شدن دانه گندم در شرایط دیم

Author [Persian]

  • محمدجواد زارع
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

رشد دانه و سرعت پر شدن دانه و همچنین مدت زمان مراحل پر شدن دانه نقش مهمی در وزن نهایی دانه دارد. دو آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر سولفات روی بر روند پر شدن دانه گندم انجام گرفت. در آزمایش اول، سرعت پر شدن دانه و رشد دانه (بر اساس وزن) در پاسخ به محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی بررسی گردید. آزمایش دوم نقش آزوسپیریلوم را به تنهایی یا در ترکیب با سولفات روی بر سرعت پر شدن دانه، رشد دانه و مدت زمان مراحل رشد تاخیری و رشد خطی پر شدن دانه را بررسی کرد. از گندم رقم سرداری استفاده گردید. آزوسپیریلوم در مرحله گرده افشانی به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با سولفات روی محلول‌پاشی گردید. برای تعیین فرآیند پر شدن دانه سنبله اصلی لحاظ شد. از معادله ریچاردز برای شبیه سازی پر شدن دانه استفاده گردید. در مقایسه با آزوسپیریلوم، سولفات روی در افزایش رشد دانه و وزن هزار دانه مؤثرتر بود. سولفات روی سرعت پر شدن دانه را افزایش داد. سولفات روی به تنهایی و به خصوص در ترکیب با آزوسپیریلوم، مدت زمان رشد تأخیری دانه را افزایش داد. کاربرد باکتری و سولفات روی در حفظ محتوای آب نسبی برگ پرچم مؤثر بود. زمان رسیدن به حداکثر وزن دانه در گیاهان شاهد، سریع تر بود. استفاده از سولفات روی در ترکیب با باکتری مرحله رشد تأخیری و سرعت پر شدن دانه را افزایش داد که می‌تواند در زراعت دیم گندم که اغلب در طول دوره پر شدن دانه اتفاق می‌افتد و منجر به کوتاه شدن آن می‌گردد، در نظر گرفته شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • فرایند پر شدن دانه
  • گندم
  • گندم دیم
  • محلول‌پاشی
  • معادله ریچاردز
  • وزن هزار دانه

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 43, Issue 2
December 2024
Pages 1-9

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