Influence of nitrogen management on sweet corn growth, canned yield, and soil properties under various irrigation regimes and tillage systems

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran

2 Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran

Abstract

Optimal nutrient supply, either chemical or biological fertilizers, can be customized for water availability and paired with correct tillage systems. This approach is necessary to ensure high production in corn (Zea mays L.). To determine possible impacts of nitrogen (N), various irrigation regimes and tillage systems were evaluated on sweet corn (Zea mays L. var Saccharata). Dependent variables were plant growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and soil characteristics. For this purpose, a two-year experiment (2016-2017) was conducted in a split-factorial design, involving randomized complete blocks with three replications at the Agricultural Experimental Station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. The treatments were two tillage systems [conventional (CT) and decreased (RT)] as the main plot. Five N rates were used (0, nitroxin, 150 kg N ha-1, nitroxin + 150 kg N ha-1, and 300 kg N ha-1). The two irrigation regimes were [100% (normal) and 75% of plant water need (PWR)(Kc)] as subplots, respectively. Also, five N rates and sources (0, nitroxin, 150 kg N ha-1, nitroxin + 150 kg N ha-1, and 300 kg N ha-1) were used in combination with two irrigation regimes [100% (normal) and 75% of plant water requirement (PWR)(Kc)]. The findings provided an indication that the canned yield and WUE could be raised by applying 300 kg N ha-1, 75% of PWR, and the CT system. The highest soil N content occurred in RT systems applied with nitroxin + 150 kg N ha-1 and 75% of PWR in the first year and under CT systems by applying nitroxin + 150 kg N ha-1 and the normal irrigation in the second year. Nevertheless, the maximum soil OC content occurred in the RT system applied with nitroxin + 150 kg N ha-1. To conclude, nitroxin-inoculated sweet corn responded favorably to the RT system with sufficient N rate and irrigation regimes down to 75% of PWR. Moreover, reducing irrigation water volume exerted no notable impact on reducing canned yield while it conserved water more significantly.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر مدیریت نیتروژن بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت شیرین و برخی ویژگی های خاک تحت رژیم های متفاوت آبیاری و سامانه های خاک ورزی

Authors [Persian]

  • عسل کشاورز 1
  • سید عبدالرضا کاظمینی 1
  • محمد جعفر بحرانی 1
  • هومن راضی 1
  • مهدی زارعی 2
1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران
2 گروه علوم مهندسی خاک دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

عرضه بهینه عناصر غذایی (شیمیایی یا زیستی) همراه با دسترسی به آب و کاربرد سامانه­ های خاک­ورزی مناسب، پیش نیاز تولید بالای ذرت (Zea mays L.) است. به منظور ارزیابی اثرات نیتروژن، رژیم­ های آبیاری و سامانه ­­های خاک ­ورزی بر رشد، عملکرد و راندمان مصرف آب ذرت شیرین (Zea mays L. var sacchrata) و برخی ویژگی­ های خاک، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 1395 و 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز (منطقه باجگاه) به صورت کرت­ های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. عامل اصلی شامل خاک­ ورزی در دو سطح (خاک­ ورزی متداول و کم خاک ­ورزی)، منبع نیتروژن در 5 سطح (شاهد، نیتروکسین، 150 کیلوگرم اوره، 150 کیلوگرم اوره + نیتروکسین و 300 کیلوگرم اوره) به­ عنوان عامل نخست، و تنش آبی در دو سطح (75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به­عنوان عامل دوم در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج دو سال نشان داد که عملکرد کنسروی ذرت شیرین و همچنین راندمان مصرف آب با کاربرد 300 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار، 75 درصد نیاز آبی و انجام خاک­ ورزی متداول افزایش یافت. بیشترین میزان نیتروژن خاک از برهمکنش سامانه کم خاک­ورزی، کاربرد نیتروکسین + 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار و 75 درصد نیاز آبی در سال نخست، و در آبیاری معمولی در سال دوم بدست آمد. با این حال، بیشترین میزان کربن آلی خاک به سامانه کم خاک­ورزی و کاربرد نیتروکسین + 150 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار تعلق داشت از این رو، ذرت شیرین تلقیح شده با نیتروکسین به سامانه کم خاک­ورزی با میزان نیتروژن کافی سازگاری خوبی داشت و همراه با رژیم آبیاری تا 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه می ­تواند به عنوان روشی بهینه در منطقه به کار رود. علاوه براین کاهش حجم آب نه تنها عملکرد کنسروی را به صورت معنی داری کاهش نداد، بلکه بصورت قابل ملاحظه ای موجب صرفه جویی در مصرف آب در آبیاری­ گردد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • خاک ورزی حفاظتی
  • راندمان مصرف آب
  • شاخص برداشت
  • حجم آب
  • گیاهان تلقیح شده با نیتروکسین

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 42, Issue 1
June 2023
Pages 109-120

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