Landforms and soil order influence on the distribution and behavior of some soil micronutrients in several intermountain plains in southwestern Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, I. R. Iran

2 Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

The different landscape positions, the type of parent material and its formation processes, and the soil type significantly impact the distribution, behavior, and mobility of micronutrients. To investigate the effects of landscape and soil types on the distribution and behavior of micronutrient elements of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), some genetic horizons samples were collected from sixteen representative pedons in the calcareous soils of southwestern Iran. Subsequently, the concentrations of extractable trace elements were assessed using diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as well as in their total form through digestion in concentrated nitric acid. The results showed that the change range in the available form of studied micronutrients varied between 2.5 to 31.2, 0.3 to 3, 2.1 to 60.2, and 0 to 3.8 mg kg-1 for Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn respectively. The examination of the chemical forms of micronutrients in both surface and subsurface samples unveiled that the majority of the investigated chemical forms exhibited higher quantitative levels in the surface samples compared to the subsurface samples. v(%CaCO3) of the soil increased when the soil moisture regime largely depends on the percentage of organic carbon (% OC) content, soil texture, and type and content of clay minerals. The highest amounts of available micronutrient elements were found in Mollisols and Alfisols soil orders. Additionally, the highest available form of Cu, Zn, and Fe were found in lowland soil units (LL), while Mn was detected in piedmont plains (PP) landform. Consequently, it can be inferred that the cycling of micronutrients is influenced by varying levels of soil development, which in turn impact the properties of the soil.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر لندفرم ها و راسته‌های خاک بر توزیع و رفتار برخی عناصر ریزمغذی خاک در تعدادی از دشت های میان‌کوهی جنوب غرب ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • سیروس شاکری 1
  • ابوالفضل آزادی 2
1 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

موقعیت‌های مختلف لنداسکیپ، نوع مواد مادری و فرایندهای تشکیل آن و تیپ خاک تأثیر بسـزایی در توزیـع، رفتـار و تحـرک‌پـذیری عناصر ریزمغذی دارند. به منظور بررسی اثر لندفرم ها و راسته های خاک بر توزیع و رفتار عناصر ریز مغذی آهن، منگنز، مس و روی، نمونه‌هایی از افق‌های ژنتیکی 16 پروفیل شاهد در خاکهای آهکی جنوب غرب ایران جمعآوری شدند و غلظت عناصر کم‌مصرف قابل استخراج با دی اتیلن تری آمین پنتا استیک اسید(DTPA) و شکل کل آنها از طریق هضم در اسید نیتریک غلیظ تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد دامنه تغییرات در شکل قابل استفاده عناصر ریز مغذی برای آهن 2/5 تا 3/2، برای مس 0/3 تا 3، برای منگنز 2/1 تا 60/2 و برای روی ضفر تا 3/8 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم  متغیر بود. بررسی شکل­های شیمیایی عناصر ریز مغذی در نمونه‌های سطحی و زیر سطحی خاک­های مورد مطالعه نشان از برتری کمّی اغلب شکل‌های شیمیایی عناصر ریز مغذی مورد مطالعه در نمونه‌های سطحی نسبت به نمونه های زیرسطحی داشت. نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که  مقادیر عناصر ریزمغذی موجود تا حد زیادی به مقدار کربن آلی، بافت خاک و نوع و میزان کانی­های رس بستگی دارد. بیشترین مقدار  شکل قابل استفاده عناصر ریزمغذی در خاک‌های راسته های مالی‌سول و آلفی سول وجود داشت. بیشترین میزان آهن، روی و مس قابل استفاده در واحدهای اراضی پست و بیشترین مقدار منگنز درواحد اراضی یا لندفرم دشت دامنه‌ای مشاهده شد. بنابراین می‌توان گفت درجه متفاوت تکامل خاک از طریق تاثیر بر ویژگی‌های خاک، چرخه عناصر ریزمغذی را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • دشت‌های میان‌کوهی
  • راسته‌های خاک
  • عناصر ریزمغذی
  • لندفرم
Ammari, T., & Mengel, K. (2006). Total soluble Fe in soil solutions of chemically different soils. Geoderma, 136(3-4), 876-885.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.06.013
Azadi, A., & Shakeri, S. (2021). Potassium pools distribution in some calcareous soils as affected by climatic conditions, physiographic units, and some physicochemical properties in Fars Province, Southern Iran. Eurasian Soil Science54(5), 702-715.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321050021
Azadi, A., Baghernejad, M., Gholami, A., & Shakeri, S. (2021). Forms and distribution pattern of soil Fe (Iron) and Mn (Manganese) oxides due to long-term rice cultivation in Fars Province Southern Iran. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52(16), 1894-1911.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2021.1900226
Bell, R. W., & Dell, B. (2008). Micronutrients for sustainable food, feed, fibre and bioenergy production. Paris, France: International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA).
Chen, M., Ma, L.Q., & Harris, W. G. (1999). Baseline concentrations of 15 trace elements in Florida surface soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 28, 1173–1181. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040018x
Dahnke, W. C., & Johnson, G. V. (1990). Testing soils for available nitrogen. In Westerman, R. L. (Ed.) Soil Testing and Plant Analysis, vol. 3 Third Edition, (pp. 127-139). The Soil Science Society of America, Inc. SSSA Book Series.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser3.3ed.c6
Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis.. In Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I. Physical and Mineralogical Methods, Agronomy Monograph No. 9, 2nd Edition (pp. 383-411). American Society of Agronomy/Soil Science Society of America, Madison (WI): SSSA Book Series.
Ginder-Vogel, M., & Sparks, D. L. (2010). The impacts of X-ray absorption spectroscopy on understanding soil processes and reaction mechanisms. In Singh, B. and Gräfe, M. (Eds.). Synchrotron-Based Techniques in Soils and Sediments. Developments in soil science (Book series) Vol. 34 (pp. 1-26). ScienceDirect
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(10)34001-3
Haque, I., Lupwayi, N. Z., & Tadesse, T. (2000). Soil micronutrient contents and relation to other soil properties in Ethiopia. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 31(17-18), 2751-2762.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620009370624.
Harter, R. D. (1991). Micronutrient adsorption‐desorption reactions in soils. Micronutrients in agriculture4, 59-87. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser4.2ed.c3
Havlin, J. L., Tisdale., S. L., Nelson, W. L., & Beaton, J. D. (2017). Soil fertility and fertilizer, an introduction to nutrient management. Eight Edition India: Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd.
He, Z. L., Yang, X. E., & Stoffella, P. J. (2005). Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 19(2-3), 125-140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.02.010
Itami, K., & Yanai, J. (2006). Sorption and desorption properties of cadmium and copper on soil clays in relation to charge characteristics. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52(1), 5-12.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00015.x
Katyal, J. C., & Sharma, B. D. (1991). DTPA-extractable and total Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe in Indian soils and their association with some soil properties. Geoderma, 49(1-2), 165-179.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(91)90099-F
Naganuma, K., Okazaki, M., Yonebayashi, K., Kyuma, K., Vijarnsorn, P., & Bakar, Z. A. (1993). Surface charge and adsorption characteristics of copper and zinc on tropical peat soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 39(3), 455-462.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1993.10419786
Lindsay, W. L., & Norvell, W. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42(3), 421-428.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
Meliyo, J. L., Massawe, B. H., Brabers, L., Msanya, B. M., Kimaro, D. N., Kihupi, N. I., ... & Leirs, H. (2014). Status and variability of soil micronutrients with landforms in the plague focus of western Usambara mountains, Tanzania. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 4(4), 389-403.
doi: 10.9734/IJPSS/2015/13717
Mitchell, R. L. (1964). Trace elements in soils. In: Bear, F. E. (Ed.), Chemistry of Soi, .(pp. 320-368). Calcutta: Oxford & IBH,
Nael, M., Khademi, H., Jalalian, A., Schulin, R., Kalbasi, M., & Sotohian, F. (2009). Effect of geo-pedological conditions on the distribution and chemical speciation of selected trace elements in forest soils of western Alborz, Iran. Geoderma, 152(1-2), 157-170.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.06.001
Najafi-Ghiri, M., Ghasemi-Fasaei, R., & Farrokhnejad, E. (2013). Factors affecting micronutrient availability in calcareous soils of Southern Iran. Arid Land Research and Management, 27(3), 203-215.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2012.719570
Navrot, J., & Ravikovitch, S. (1968). Zinc availability in calcareous soils, II. Relation between “available” zinc and response to zinc fertilization. Soil Science, 105, 184- 189.
Nayyar, V. K., Takkar, P.N., Bansal, R. L., Singh, S. P., Kaur, N. P., & Sadana, U.S. (1990). Micronutrients in soils and crops of Punjab. Research. Bulletin., PAU, Ludhiana, 1, 1–148.
Nelson, D. W. & Sommers L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In Sparks, D. L. Page, A. L.,  Helmke, P. A.,  Loeppert, R. H.,  Soltanpour, P. N.,  Tabatabai, M. A.,  Johnston, C. T.,  and Sumner, M. E. (Eds.) Methods of soil analysis, Part 3: Chemical methods (pp. 961–1010). The Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc. USA: Madison, Wisconsin.
Pansu, M., & Gautheyrou, J. (2006). Handbook of soil analysis: Mineralogical, organic and inorganic methods. Germany: Springer.
Pashapoor, N., Reyhanitabar, A., & Oustan, S. (2016). Determination of iron fractions and their relations with soil properties in some soils of East Azerbaijan Province. Water and Soil Science, 26(2-1), 205-215.
Reyhani Tabar, A., Karimian, N., Ardalan, M., Savaghebi Gh. R., & Ghanadha, M. R. (2006). Zinc fractions of selected calcareous soils of Tehran Province and their relationships with soil characteristics. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3, 125-136 (In Persian).
http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.24763594.1385.10.3.10.9
Rezapour, S., Golmohammad, H., & Ramezanpour, H. (2014). Impact of parent rock and topography aspect on the distribution of soil trace metals in natural ecosystems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11, 2075-2086.
Rezapour, S., Najafi, P., & Atashpaz, B. (2020). The effect of different soil types on the concentration, distribution, and trend of some micro nutrients in the apple orchards of Urmia Plain. Journal of Water and Soil Science, (2), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0663-3
Shakeri, S., & Azadi, A. (2022). The effect of land use change on chemical forms and availability of iron and manganese in arid and semi-arid region of southwestern Iran. Desert, 27(1), 69-80.
doi: 10.22059/jdesert.2022.88510
Shakeri, S., & Saffari, M. (2020). The status of chemical forms of iron and manganese in various orders of calcareous soils and their relationship with some physicochemical and mineralogical properties. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(15), 2054-2068.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1820026
Shakeri, S., & Saffari, M. (2019). Distribution of zinc and copper chemical forms and their relationship with some physico-chemical properties and clay minerals in some calcareous soils. Iran Agricultural Research, 38(2), 71-82. doi: 10.22099/iar.2020.34620.1362
Sharma, B. D., Mukhopadhyay, S. S., Sidhu, P. S., & Katyal, J. C. (2000). Pedospheric attributes in distribution of total and DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in Indo-Gangetic plains. Geoderma, 96, 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(00)00008-2
Sharma, B. D., Raj-Kumar, H. A., & Nayyar, V. K. (2004). Relationships between soil characteristics and total and DTPA-extractable micronutrients in Inceptisols of Punjab. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 35, 799–818. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120030359
Sharma, B. D., Seth, A., Saini, R. S., & Dhaliwal, S. S. (2011). Distribution of different forms of Mn and their association with soil properties in arid zone soils of Punjab, India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340903222310
Sharma, R. P., Singh., M., & Sharma, J. P. (2003). Correlation studies on micronutrients vis-à-vis soil properties in some soils of Nagaur district in semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 51(4), 522-527.
Sims, J. L., & Patrick Jr, W. H. (1978). The distribution of micronutrient cations in soil under conditions of varying redox potential and pH. Soil Science Society American Journal, 42(2), 258-262.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200020010x
Shukla, L. M. (2000). Sorption of Zn and Cd on soil clays. Agrochimica, 44, 101-106.
Shuman, L. M. (1985). Fractionation method for soil microelements. Soil Science, 140(1), 11-22.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198507000-000
Sipos, P. (2003). Distribution of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in natural brown forest soil profiles from the Cserhat Mts., Ne Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, 44, 43-50.
Sultan, K. (2006). Clay mineralogy of central Victorian (Creswick) soils: Clay mineral contents as a possible tool of environmental indicator. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 15(4), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320380600751702
Sumner, M. E., & Miller, W. P. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. In Sparks, D. L. Page, A. L.,  Helmke, P. A.,  Loeppert, R. H.,  Soltanpour, P. N.,  Tabatabai, M. A.,  Johnston, C. T.,  and Sumner, M. E. (Eds.) Methods of soil analysis, Part 3: Chemical methods (pp. 1201-1229). The Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc. USA: Madison, Wisconsin.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c40
Tiller, K. G., & Merry, R. H. (1981). Copper pollution of agricultural soils. In Loneragan, J. F. and Robson, A. D. & Graham, R. D. (Eds.), Copper and Soils in Plants (pp. 119-137). Tokyo: Academic Press.
Van der Merwe, G. M., Laker, M. C., & Bühmann, C. (2002). Clay mineral associations in melanic soils of South Africa. Soil Research, 40(1), 115-126.
https://doi.org/10.1071/SR00097
Wei, X. R., Shao, & M. A. (2009). Distribution of micronutrients in soils as affected by landforms in a loessial gully watershed. Huan Jing Ke Xue=Huanjing Kexue  30(9), 2741-2746. (In Chinese with Abstract in English).
Wenming, D., Zhijun, G., Jinzhou, D., Liying, Z., & Zuyi T. (2001). Sorption characteristics of zinc (II) by calcareous soil-radiotracer study. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 54, 371–375.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(99)00263-8
Ziaeian, A. H., & Malakouti, M. J. (2001). Effects of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu fertilization on the yield and grain quality of wheat in the calcareous soils of Iran. In Horst, W. J., Schenk, M. K., Bürkert, A., Claassen,N., Flessa, H.,  Frommer, W. B., Goldbach, H., … & Wittenmayer, L. (Eds.) Plant nutrition, food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems through basic and applied research (pp. 840-841). Dordrecht: Springe.
https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-X_409