Status of geminiviruses in Iran, incredible plant pathogens

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, I. R. Iran

2 Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

10.22099/iar.2023.45048.1516

Abstract

The family Geminiviridae with fourteen accepted genera and an increasing number of unassigned species is currently identified as the largest family of plant‐infecting viruses. Their twinned icosahedral particles contain single-stranded genomic DNAs that are naturally transmitted by Hemiptera insects including whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), several species of leafhoppers, treehoppers and one species of aphid in a wide range of host plants. Also, some geminiviruses are transmitted by seeds in certain hosts. In addition to climate changes, industrial cultivations, and the development of global trade, the genetic flexibility of geminiviruses has led to an increase in the rate of their distribution. Diseases caused by geminiviruses constitute a serious constraint to tropical and sub-tropical agroecosystems worldwide. The economic losses caused by geminivirus infections have grown especially in open fields and greenhouses in Iran during the last years. Defining two distinct genera by having unique molecular and biological characteristics, Becurtovirus and Turncurtovirus, and the presence of different species and strains of other geminiviruses introduces Iran as a putative origin of diversification for old-world monopartite geminiviruses. This review presents the occurrence and diversity of the members of Geminiviridae in Iran. Moreover, some applicable control measures have been proposed based on compatibility with the Iran agroecosystem which would also be recommended for other tropical and subtropical regions  of the world. 

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

وضعیت جمینی‌‌ویروس‌ها در ایران، بیمارگرهای شگفت‌انگیز گیاهی

Authors [Persian]

  • سعید تابعین 1
  • سید علی اکبر بهجت نیا 2
1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران
2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی شیراز، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

تیره Geminiviridae با چهارده جنس پذیرفته شده و تعداد فزاینده‌ای از گونه‌های نامشخص، در حال حاضر به عنوان بزرگ‌ترین تیره ویروس‌های آلوده‌کننده گیاهان شناخته می‌شود. پیکره‌های بیست‌وجهی دوقلوی آنها حاوی دی‌ان‌ای‌های ژنومی تک‌لا است، که به طور طبیعی توسط حشراتی از راسته نیم‌بالان (Hemiptera) شامل سفیدبالک Bemisia tabaci و چند گونه زنجرک و شته در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان میزبان منتقل می‌شوند. همچنین برخی جمینی‌ویروس‌ها در میزبان‌های خاصی توسط بذر انتقال می‌یابند. علاوه بر تغییرات اقلیمی، کشت‌های صنعتی و توسعه تجارت جهانی، انعطاف‌پذیری ژنتیکی جمینی‌ویروس‌ها منجر به افزایش نرخ توزیع آنها شده است. بیماری‌های ناشی از جمینی‌ویروس‌ها یک محدودیت جدی برای اکوسیستم‌های کشاورزی در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه‌گرمسیری سراسر جهان است. زیان‌های اقتصادی ناشی از آلودگی به جمینی‌ویروس‌ها در سال‌های اخیر به ویژه در مزارع و گلخانه‌های ایران افزایش یافته است. تعریف دو جنس متمایز با داشتن ویژگی‌های مولکولی و زیستی منحصر به فرد شامل جنس‌های Becurtovirus و Turncurtovirus، و وجود گونه‌ها و سویه‌های مختلف از سایر جمینی‌ویروس‌ها، ایران را به عنوان یکی از منشأهای بالقوه برای تنوع جمینی‌ویروس‌های تک‌بخشی دنیای قدیم معرفی می‌کند. در این بررسی به وقوع و تنوع جمینی‌ویروس‌ها در ایران پرداخته شده است و علاوه بر این، برخی اقدامات کنترلی قابل اجرا بر اساس سازگاری با اکوسیستم کشاورزی ایران پیشنهاد شده است که برای سایر مناطق گرمسیری و نیمه‌گرمسیری جهان نیز قابل توصیه خواهد بود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • اقدامات کنترلی
  • ایران
  • تنوع
  • جمینی‌ویروس‌ها
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