Evaluating the effects of genotype mixture and stress tolerant indices in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under drought stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 presently, PhD student in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran

2 Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran.

3 Agroecology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

Abstract

Drought stress is one of the major limitations in crop production worldwide. Genotype mixture has been evaluated as a new way to increase yield in different crops. In this study, different genotype mix systems in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) as impacted by drought stress were investigated. The experiments were conducted under normal and water-stressed conditions in the form of randomized complete block designs, each with three replicates,  in the research farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University for two years (2016-2017 and 2017 - 2018). Monocultures of four durum wheat genotypes including Shabrang and Behrang cultivars and DW-92-4, DW-94-14 lines and their binary and quadruple mixing combinations were used in the cropping systems. Drought tolerance indices, including stability tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and a new criterion designated as SIIG (Selection Index of Ideal Genotype) were used and evaluated to identify the best cropping system. Behrang+DW-94-14 cropping system showed the highest GMP, STI and MP values of drought indices, while the highest value (0.890) of SIIG index was identified in the Shabrang+DW-94-14 cropping system. Positive correlations were found among GMP, STI, and MP with YP. Moreover, biplot analysis of these indices using principle component analysis revealed strong positive correlations among GMP, STI and MP while SIIG index was closely related to YSI index. GMP, MP, and STI indices were identified as the best criteria to identify cropping systems in water-stressed conditions. In both normal and water-stressed circumstances, quadruple genotype culture yielded better yields than monoculture and most binary cultures. However, the highest seed yield was obtained in the normal and water-stressed treatments in the Behrang + DW-94-14 cultivation system with an average of 8815 and 7342 kg ha-1, respectively.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارزیابی اثرات مخلوط ژنوتیپی و شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش در گندم دوروم (.Triticum durum Desf) تحت تنش خشکی

Authors [Persian]

  • مریم میردورقی 1
  • علی بهپوری 2
  • احسان بیژن زاده 3
1 در حال حاضر دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ج.ا. ایران
2 گروه اگرواکولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ج.ا. ایران
3 گروه اگرواکولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ج.ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

تنش‌خشکی یکی از محدودیت‌های عمده در تولید محصولات زراعی در سراسر جهان است. مخلوط ژنوتیپ‌ها به عنوان روشی جدید برای افزایش عملکرد در محصولات گوناگون مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، سامانه‌های مخلوط ژنوتیپ‌های گوناگون گندم دوروم (Triticum durum Desf.) تحت ‌تأثیر تنش‌آبی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایش‌ها در دو شرایط معمولی و تنش‌آبی در قالب طرح های بلوک های کامل تصادفی، هر کدام با سه تکرار، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز به مدت دو سال (1396-1395 و 1397-1396) انجام شد. از تک‌کشت‌های چهار ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم شامل ارقام شبرنگ و بهرنگ و لاین‌های DW-92-4، DW-94-14 و ترکیب دوتایی و چهارگانه آنها در سامانه‌های کشت استفاده شد.  شاخص‌های تحمل به خشکی شامل شاخص تحمل پایداری (STI)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP)، میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری (GMP)، شاخص حساسیت به تنش (SSI)، شاخص تحمل (TOL)،شاخص عملکرد (YI) و شاخص پایداری عملکرد (YSI) و یک معیار جدید با عنوان SIIG (شاخص انتخاب ژنوتیپ ایده آل) برای شناسایی بهترین سامانه کشت مورد استفاده و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. سامانه کشت بهرنگ + DW-94-14 بالاترین مقادیر GMP، STI و MP را در شاخص‌های خشکی نشان داد و بیشترین مقدار SIIG (0.890) در سامانه کشت ژنوتیپ شبرنگ + DW-94-14 شناسایی شد. همبستگی مثبتی بین GMP، STI و MP با YP پیدا شد. علاوه بر این، تجزیه و تحلیل بای‌پلات این شاخص‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی، همبستگی مثبت قوی را بین GMP، STI و MP نشان داد در حالی که شاخص SIIG ارتباط نزدیکی با شاخص YSI داشت. در این مطالعه، شاخص‌های GMP، MP و STI به عنوان بهترین معیار برای شناسایی سامانه‌های کشت در شرایط تنش‌آبی شناسایی شدند. کشت چهارتایی ژنوتیپ‌ها در مقایسه با کشت‌خالص ژنوتیپ‌ها و اکثر کشت‌های دوتایی هم در شرایط نرمال و هم در شرایط تنش‌آبی عملکرد بالاتری را نشان داد. اما بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای نرمال و تنش آبی در سامانه کشت بهرنگ + DW-94-14 به ترتیب با میانگین 8815 و 7342 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تنش‌آبی
  • ژنوتیپ
  • شاخص تحمل به خشکی
  • عملکرد
  • گندم دوروم

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 41, Issue 1
September 2022
Pages 83-94

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