Planting dates and irrigation regimes influence on growth and yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in a semi-arid area

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. and Drought Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

2 Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

3 Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran and Drought Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Planting crops with less vulnerability to environmental stresses, especially drought in semi-arid areas, can remarkably improve irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Therefore, in this study, planting quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) under different irrigation regimes and planting dates was investigated. Irrigation regimes included full irrigation (FI) and 50% of full irrigation (0.5FI), where planting dates consisted of six planting dates in the early spring and six planting dates in the early fall. Results indicated that the highest grain yield, dry matter, root dry weight, leaf area index, harvest index, and yield components were obtained in early spring cultivation on February 19 and in the early fall on August 23 planting dates. The maximum leaf area index on the planting date of August 23 was 21% higher than that on the planting date of February 19 under FI conditions. The highest harvest index was 0.32 in FI and the planting date of August 23. The planting date of August 23 increased water use efficiency for grain (IWUEG) by 30% compared to planting on February 19 under FI conditions. There was no significant difference in specific root length between planting dates on February 19 and August 23. Applying 0.5FI compared to FI increased root dry weight to shoot dry weight ratio to 142% on the planting date of August 23. Generally, the planting date of August 23 is suggested as the best planting time for quinoa in the study area with no water scarcity, while planting on February 19 is recommended in the conditions of scarce water resources by applying 0.5FI.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

اثر تاریخ کشت و رژیم‌های آبیاری بر رشد و محصول کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa ) در منطقه نیمه خشک

Authors [Persian]

  • رضوان طالب نژاد 1
  • مریم بهرامی 2
  • علیرضا سپاسخواه 3
1 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران و مرکز مطالعات خشکسالی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ، ج. ا. ایران.
2 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
3 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران و مرکز مطالعات خشکسالی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ، ج. ا. ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

کشت گیاهان مقاوم به تنش های محیطی به ویژه تنش خشکی، کارایی مصرف آب را در مناطق نیمه خشک به طور قابل ملاحظه ای بهبود می بخشد. لذا، در این تحقیق اثر رژیم های مختلف آبیاری و تاریخ کاشت بر محصول کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa)  بررسی گردید. تیمار مقدار آب آبیاری شامل آبیاری کامل و 50 درصد آبیاری کامل و تیمار تاریخ کاشت شامل شش تاریخ کاشت در اوایل بهار و شش تاریخ کاشت در اوایل پاییز انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین محصول دانه، ماده خشک، وزن خشک ریشه، شاخص سطح برگ، شاخص برداشت و اجزای محصول در کشت بهاره در اول اسفند و در کشت پاییزه در اول شهریور به دست آمد. بیشینه شاخص سطح برگ در تاریخ کاشت اول شهریور مشاهده گردید که 21 درصد بیشتر از تاریخ کاشت اول اسفند بود. همچنین، بیشترین شاخص برداشت برابر 32/0 و در تاریخ کاشت اول شهریور در آبیاری کامل مشاهده شد. کشت پاییزه در اول شهریور، باعث افزایش 30 درصدی کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید دانه نسبت به کاشت بهاره در اول اسفند در آبیاری کامل شد. درحالیکه،تفاوت معناداری در طول ویژه ریشه بین تاریخ کاشت اول اسفند و اول شهریور وجود نداشت. اعمال کم آبیاری به میزان 50 درصد آبیاری کامل در تاریخ کاشت اول شهریور، وزن خشک ریشه به اندام هوایی را 142 درصد نسبت به آبیاری کامل افزایش داد. به طور کلی، تاریخ کاشت اول شهریور در صورت وجود آب کافی در اختیار کشاورز به عنوان بهترین زمان کاشت کینوا در منطقه مورد مطالعه پیشنهاد می شود، ضمن اینکه در شرایط کم آبیاری به میزان 50 درصد، تاریخ کشت اول اسفند ماه توصیه می­گردد. 

Keywords [Persian]

  • تاریخ کاشت
  • کارایی مصرف آب
  • کم آبیاری
  • کینوا

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 40, Issue 2
March 2022
Pages 103-120

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