Effect of sowing date and plant density on seed yield and yield attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, I. R. Iran

2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, I. R. Iran

10.22099/iar.2022.42563.1475

Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is world-renowned for its nutritional and health benefits and its adaptability to different environments. Despite some research on quinoa cultivation, determining the appropriate planting date and density for different genotypes and regions needs to be studied. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of planting date and planting density on quinoa seed yield in climatic conditions of Kermanshah. In this regard, field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons (2019-2020) at the research farm of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. The experiments were conducted as split-plot factorial in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Three sowing dates (March 15th, April 15th, and May 15th) were assigned to the main plots, two planting densities (40 and 60 plants m-2), and three genotypes including Titicaca, Q29, and Red Carina as subplots. The results showed that the highest seed yield (2179.72 and 2267.39 kg ha-1) were achieved on April 15th, 2019 and May 15th, 2020, respectively. Sowing dates of April 15th in 2019 and May 15th in 2020 with a plant density of 60 plants m-2 and Titicaca genotype had the highest seed yield for quinoa in Kermanshah climatic conditions. The results showed that panicle length and biological yield had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield in all studied planting dates. There was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, and biological yield at both densities. The path analysis revealed that panicle length had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by 1000-seed weight on the first sowing date in 2019 and 2020, while biological yield and panicle length had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield on the second and third sowing dates, respectively. This experiment showed that genotypes and planting dates are the most determining factors affecting quinoa growth, development, and yield compared with planting densities. 

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa)

Authors [Persian]

  • برکت اله ربانی 1
  • گودرز کریمی 1
  • محمود خرمی وفا 1
  • محسن سعیدی 1
  • پردیس برومندان 1
  • محمود باقری 2
  • لیلا زارعی 1
1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ج.ا. ایران
2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ج.ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa) به دلیل فواید تغذیه ای و سلامتی و سازگاری با محیط های مختلف مورد توجه ویژه‌ای در سراسر جهان قرار گرفته است. با وجود تحقیقات انجام شده در مورد کشت کینوا، تعیین تاریخ و تراکم مناسب کاشت آن برای ژنوتیپ‌ها و مناطق مختلف نیاز به بررسی و مطالعه دارد. از اینرو، هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر تعیین اثرات تاریخ کاشت و تراکم کاشت بر عملکرد بذر کینوا در شرایط اقلیمی کرمانشاه بود. برای این منظور اثر تاریخ کاشت (25 اسفند، 25 فروردین و 25 اردیبهشت)، تراکم بوته (40 و 60 بوته در متر مربع) و ژنوتیپ  (Titicaca، Q29 و Red Carina) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کینوا، در آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال (1397-1398 و 1398-1399) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه انجام شد. تاریخ کاشت به عنوان کرت اصلی، تراکم بوته و ژنوتیپ‌ها به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (72/2179 و 39/2267 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترتیب در 25 فروردین 1398 و 25 اردیبهشت 1399 به دست آمد. تاریخ کاشت 25 فروردین و 25 اردیبهشت با تراکم بوته 60 بوته در متر مربع و ژنوتیپ Titicaca بیشترین عملکرد دانه را برای کاشت کینوا در شرایط اقلیمی کرمانشاه داشتند. همچنان نتایج نشان داد که صفات طول خوشه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری با عملکرد دانه در تمام تاریخ­های کاشت مورد مطالعه داشت. همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری بین عملکرد دانه و وزن دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی در هر دو تراکم وجود داشت. تجزیه مسیر نشان داد که طول خوشه بیشترین تاثیر مستقیم مثبت را بر عملکرد دانه و وزن هزار دانه در تاریخ کاشت 25 اسفند ماه داشت، درحالی که عملکرد بیولوژیک و طول خوشه بیشترین اثر مستقیم مثبت را بر عملکرد دانه به ترتیب در تاریخ کاشت 25 فروردین و 25 اردیبهشت داشتند. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که رقم و تاریخ کاشت در مقایسه با تراکم بوته تعیین کننده ترین عوامل موثر بر رشد، نمو و عملکرد دانه گیاه کینوا هستند. 

Keywords [Persian]

  • اقلیم معتدل
  • تجزیه مسیر
  • صفات زراعی
  • همبستگی
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