Physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to deficit irrigation and sowing density

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

2 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran & Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran

3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of sowing density (300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 plants/m2) on the growth of wheat under deficit irrigation (100, 75 and 50% crop water requirement, I100, I75 and I50, respectively), an experiment was carried out during 2009 and 2010. In both years, deficit irrigation resulted in a considerable reduction in yield, yield components, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf water potential (Ψw). In contrast, the canopy temperature (CT) significantly increased under deficit irrigation. Furthermore, increasing of sowing density from 300 to 600 plants/m2 resulted in a significant increase in grain yield under I100 and I75. Maximum grain yield as 525.9 and 564.2 g/m2 was obtained in the first and the second years, respectively in sowing density of 600 plants/m2 and I100. This sowing density was also the proper density in I75 and I50 irrigation regimes. Increasing of sowing density reduced 1000-grain weight and grain number per spike and increased spike number per square meter. In the first year, increasing of sowing density from 300 to 600 plants/m2 caused a significant increase in LAI in all irrigation regimes, while in the second year, maximum LAI was observed in 700 plants/m2 sowing density. It was found that increasing of sowing density significantly reduced the Ψw and the CT in both well-watered and deficit irrigation. In conclusion, the results suggest that 600 plants/m2 would be the optimal sowing density under different water conditions. Alleviation of water stress by the increasing sowing density was found to be associated partly with enhanced LAI and reduced CT.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی گندم (.Triticum aestivum L) تحت تأثیر کمبود آب و تراکم گیاه

Authors [Persian]

  • مینا فاتح 1
  • علی اکبر گامکار حقیقی 2
  • علیرضا سپاس خواه 2
  • یحیی امام 3
  • کبری مقصودی 3
1 گروه آبیاری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
2 گروه آبیاری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران و مرکز تحقیقات خشکسالی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
3 گروه علوم تولیدات گیاهی و ژنتیک، ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

 به منظور بررسی تأثیر تراکم بوته (300، 400، 500 ، 600 و 700 بوته در مترمربع) بر رشد و عمکلرد گندم تحت شرایط کمبود آب (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آب زراعی: به ترتیب I100 ، I75 و I50)، این مطالعه در طی سال­های 89-1388 انجام شد. در هر دو سال، کمبود آب منجر به کاهش معنی ­دار عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، شاخص سطح برگ (LAI) و پتانسیل آب برگ (Ψw) گردید. در مقابل، دمای کانوپی (CT) به طور قابل توجهی در شرایط کمبود آب، افزایش یافت. همچنین افزایش تراکم بوته از 300 به 600 بوته در متر مربع، باعث افزایش معنی­ دار عملکرد دانه در  تیمارهای I100 و I75 شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در سال اول و دوم، به ترتیب به میزان 525/9 و 564/2 گرم در متر مربع، در تراکم 600 بوته در متر مربع و رژیم آبیاری I100 بدست آمد. همچنین این تراکم بوته در رژیم های آبیاری I75 و I50، مناسب­ترین تراکم گیاهی بود. افزایش تراکم بوته باعث کاهش وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در سنبله و نیز موجب افزایش تعداد سنبله در متر مربع شد. در سال اول، افزایش تراکم بوته از 300 به 600 بوته در مترمربع باعث افزایش قابل توجه LAI در کلیه رژیم­های آبیاری شد، در حالیکه در سال دوم، حداکثر LAI در تراکم 700 بوته در متر مربع، مشاهده شد. مشخص گردید افزایش تراکم گیاه باعث کاهشΨw  و CT، در هر دو شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش گردید. در نتیجه، بر اساس نتایج، تراکم 600 بوته در متر مربع، تراکم بهینه گیاه در شرایط تنش و غیر تنش پیشنهاد می­ شود. می­توان بیان داشت تعدیل تنش خشکی با افزایش تراکم گیاهی، در ارتباط با افزایش LAI و نیز کاهش CT بوده است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • دمای کانوپی
  • شاخص سطح برگ
  • پتانسیل آب برگ
  • عملکرد
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