Agro-physiological responses of Tepary bean to planting patterns and plant densities

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Planting pattern and plant density are efficient management tools for maximizing crop yield by reducing soil surface evaporation and optimizing resource utilization such as light, nutrients, and water. A two-year (2017-18) field trial was conducted to determine the effects of plant density and planting pattern on some agro-physiological and biochemical traits of Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Iran. The experiment was performed as a split-plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were two planting patterns (one-row and two-row plantations) and three plant densities (30, 40, and 50 plants per m2). The results showed that that one-row planting pattern and 40 plants per m2 improved seed yield by 75% and 65% compared to 30 and 50 plants per m2 in one-row planting pattern in the second year, respectively. The plant chlorophyll content increased by 20% with two-row plantation and medium plant density compared to high and low plant density in the first year. The highest accumulation of seed carbohydrates (38.26 mg. g-1 FW) was obtained with two-row cultivation and medium plant density in the second year. The relative seed water content significantly decreased with one-row plantation and low plant density compared to a two-row plantation and medium plant density. The least malondialdehyde and proline aggregation (3.2 and 225 µ mol. g-1 FW, respectively) was achieved with two-row plantation and medium plant density. Finally, a two-row planting pattern with medium-density cultivation is recommended to obtain optimal Tepary bean seed yield in the region.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

واکنش صفات اگرو فیزیولوژیکی لوبیا تپاری (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) به الگو و تراکم‌های کاشت

Authors [Persian]

  • زهرا ادیب زاده
  • نورعلی ساجدی
  • حمید مدنی
  • مسعود گماریان
  • سعید چاوشی
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک ، اراک، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

ت
-تراکم بوته و الگوی کاشت از ابزارهای مدیریتی کارآمد برای به حداکثر رساندن عملکرد محصول با بهینه سازی استفاده از منابع مانند نور، مواد مغذی، آب و کاهش تبخیر سطح خاک است. این آزمایش با هدف بررسی تأثیر الگوی کاشت و تراکم بوته بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی لوبیای تپاری (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال های 2017 و 2018 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل الگوی کاشت در دو سطح (کاشت یک ردیف و کاشت دو ردیف) و عامل فرعی تراکم بوته در سه سطح تراکم 30 ، 40 و50 بوته در متر مربع بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در سال دوم در کاشت یک ردیف، تراکم 40 بوته در متر مربع ​​به ترتیب 75 و 65 درصد عملکرد دانه را در مقایسه با تراکم 30 و50 بوته در متر مربع در همین الگوی کاشت افزایش داد. مقدار کلروفیل در سال اول تحت کاشت دو ردیف و کاشت با تراکم متوسط ​​در مقایسه با کاشت با تراکم زیاد و تراکم کم، 20 درصد افزایش یافت. بیشترین میزان تجمع کربوهیدرات­های بذر با 26/38 میلی­گرم در گرم در کشت دو ردیف و کاشت با تراکم متوسط ​​در سال دوم به دست آمد. در مقایسه با کاشت دو ردیف و کاشت با تراکم متوسط​​، محتوای نسبی آب برگ به طور قابل توجهی تا 24 درصد در گیاهان تحت کاشت یک ردیف و کاشت با تراکم کم کاهش یافت. کمترین محتوای مالون دی آلدئید و تجمع پرولین به ترتیب با 2/3 و 225 میکرومول در گرم به ترتیب در کاشت دو ردیف و کاشت با تراکم متوسط ​​بدست آمد. در نهایت، الگوی کشت دو ردیف و تراکم متوسط ​​برای بدست آوردن عملکرد مطلوب لوبیای تپاری توصیه می­گردد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • کربوهیدرات
  • رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی
  • پرولین
  • عملکرد دانه
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