Investigation of the effects of non-living mulches and metribuzin on redroot pigweed and lamb'squarters in tomato

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT-A field study was conducted to determine the influences of six mulch materials (organic and inorganic), including black plastic, transparent plastic, wheat straw, peat moss, coco peat, and sawdust and the metribuzin on the two weed species vegetative and reproductive growth cycles in a tomato field using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of the Agricultural School, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. According to the results of the analysis of variance, all evaluated traits of both weed species, and also tomato, were significantly influenced by treatments at p < 0.01.The longest and shortest time of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) emergence were recorded under the plastic mulch treatments at 28 days after transplanting (DAT) and organic mulches as well as metribuzin at 21 DAT, respectively. Plastic mulches deferred the time of lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.) emergence more than organic mulches up to 28.0%. Additionally, the longest time of lamb'squarters emergence was observed with coco peat at 29 DAT and the shortest time of its emergence was recorded under the application of clear plastic and sawdust mulches at 23.3 DAT. Results showed that, the highest marketable tomato yield (up to 19.2 kg m-2) was assessed in covered plots with black plastic mulch, while the lowest marketable yield was detected by 3.02 kg m-2 in the plots under the application of the sawdust treatment. In general, results demonstrated that the plastic mulches, particularly the black plastic sheet, could be reliable alternatives for metribuzin to control weed infestations in tomato fields.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی اثرات مالچ‌های غیرزنده و علف‌کش متریبوزین بر علف‌های-هرز تاج‌خروس و سلمه‌تره در مزرعه گوجه‌فرنگی

Authors [Persian]

  • سید عبدالرضا کاظمینی
  • روزبه زنگوئی نژاد
  • حسین غدیری
گروه تولید وژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده-مطالعه­ای به منظور تعیین اثرات شش نوع مالچ (ارگانیک و غیرارگانیک) و علف­کش متریبوزین بر چرخه رشد رویشی و زایشی علف­های­هرز در مزرعه گوجه­فرنگی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز انجام شد. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس، همه صفات موردبررسی گونه­های علف­هرز و همچنین گوجه­فرنگی به طورمعنی­داری درسطح احتمال یک درصد تحت تاثیر تیمارهای اعمال شده قرارگرفتند. طولانی­ترین و کوتاه­ترین زمان ظهور بذرهای علف­هرز تاج خروس (Amaranthusretroflexus) به ترتیب تحت تاثیر تیمارهای مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی (28 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) و مالچ­های ارگانیک و علف­کش متریبوزین (21 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) ثبت شد. مالچ­های پلاستیکی زمان ظهور بذر علف­هرز سلمه­تره (Chenopodium album) را در مقایسه با مالچ­های ارگانیک به میزان 28 درصد به تاخیر انداختند. همچنین، طولانی­ترین زمان ظهور بذر علف­هرز سلمه­تره تحت تاثیر تیمار کوکوپیت (29 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) و کوتاه­ترین زمان ظهور در کرت­های تیمار شده با مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی (5/23 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، بیشترین مقدار عملکرد قابل فروش گوجه­فرنگی در کرت­های تحت تیمار مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی (21/19 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و کمترین مقدار عملکرد قابل فروش (02/3 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) در کرت­های تیمار شده با خاک­اره ثبت شد. به طور کلی، نتایج آزمایش نشان دادند که مالچ­های پلاستیکی، به­ویژه مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی، می توانند جایگزین­های قابل اطمینانی برای علف­کش متریبوزین به منظور کنترل علف­های­هرز در مزارع گوجه­فرنگی باشند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • همبستگی
  • ظهور بذر
  • ریزش بذر

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 39, Issue 2
December 2020
Pages 9-16

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