Documenting production process and the ranking factors causing yield gap in rice fields in Sari, Iran

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran

2 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I. R. Iran

3 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, I. R. Iran

Abstract

The documentation process is very important for identifying yield constraint factors and yield gap. For this purpose, all managing practices were recorded by monitoring of paddy rice fields in Sari region, Iran from 2015 to 2016. Field identifications were undertaken in such a way that they included all the main production procedures with variations in management viewpoints. The results revealed that seed consumption varied from 40 to 95 kg ha-1 and the range of seedling age varied from 20 to 50 days. Planting density was 10 to 66 plants per m2. Nitrogen application by 30% of the farmers ranged from 46 to 83 kg ha-1, and 40% of the farmers applied 83 to 138 kg of nitrogen per hectare. In 73% of the fields, nitrogen was not used after flowering stage. The range of yield varied from 3100 to 5430 kg ha-1, and in 60% of the studied fields, the paddy yield varied from 4205 to 5200 kg ha-1. In the comparative performance analysis (CPA) model, the actual yield and the yield potential were estimated to be 4495 and 6337 kg ha-1, respectively, and the yield gap was 1841 kg ha-1. Among the five variables entered in the model, the effects of potassium application and biological fight were remarkable, which the paddy yield increase by these variables was 709 and 806 kg ha-1, respectively, and equal to 39% and 44% of the total yield variation. Therefore, since the calculated potential yield was achieved through actual data in each paddy field, it seems this yield potential is attainable.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

مستندسازی فرآیند تولید و رتبه‌بندی عوامل ایجاد خلاء عملکرد برنج در ساری، ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • محبوبه یوسفیان 1
  • افشین سلطانی 2
  • سلمان دستان 3
  • حسین عجم نوروزی 1
1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد گرگان، گرگان، ج. ا. ایران
2 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ج. ا. ایران
3 پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، کرج، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

مستندسازی فرآیند تولید برای تعیین عوامل محدود کننده تولید و ایجاد خلاء عملکرد دارای اهمیت زیادی است. به این منظور، همه عملیات زراعی برنج در اراضی شالیزاری منطقه ساری طی سال‌های 1394 و 1395 ثبت شد. انتخاب مزرعه‌ها به شیوه‌ای انجام شد که تنوع کافی از تمامی عملیات زراعی و مدیریتی در منطقه را نشان دهد. نتایج نشان داد دامنه مصرف بذر از 40 الی 95 کیلوگرم در هکتار متغیر بود. دامنه سن نشا بین 20 الی 50 روز بود. تراکم کاشت نیز 10 الی 66 بوته در متر مربع متغیر بود. مصرف نیتروژن توسط 30 درصد از کشاورزان از 46 الی 83 کیلوگرم در هکتار، و 40 درصد از کشاورزان 83 الی 138 کیلوگرم در هکتار مصرف نیتروژن داشتند. در 73 درصد از مزرعه‌ها، مصرف نیتروژن بعد از مرحله گلدهی گزارش نشد. دامنه عملکرد شلتوک بین 3100 الی 5430 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود و 60 درصد از مزرعه‌های مورد مطالعه، عملکرد شلتوک بین 4205 الی 5200 کیلوگرم در هکتار متغیر بود. در روش تحلیل مقایسه کارکرد (CPA)، عملکرد واقعی و عملکرد پتانسیل برابر 4495 و 6337 کیلوگرم در هکتار برآورد شد و خلاء عملکرد برابر 1841 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. از پنج متغیر وارد شده در معادله تولید، اثر کاربرد پتاسیم و کنترل زیستی آفات قابل ملاحظه بود که به‌ترتیب افزایش عملکرد برابر 709 و 806 کیلوگرم در هکتار معادل 39 و 44 درصد را نشان دادند. بنابراین، با توجه به اینکه پتانسیل عملکرد محاسبه شده از طریق داده‌های واقعی هر مزرعه حاصل شد، می‌توان گفت که این پتانسیل عملکرد، قابل حصول است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • پتانسیل عملکرد
  • عملکرد دست‌یافتنی
  • عملکرد واقعی
  • عوامل مدیریتی
  • مدل CPA

References

Beza, E., Silva, J. V., Kooistra, L., & Reidsma, P. (2017). Review of yield gap explaining factors and opportunities for alternative data collection approaches. European Journal of Agronomy, 82, 206-222.
Dastan, S., Nurmohamadi, G., Madani, H., & Soltani, A. (2015a). Analysis of energy indices in rice production systems in the Neka region. Environmental Science, 13(1), 53-66. (in Persian).
Dastan, S., Soltani, A., & Alimagham, M. (2018). Documenting the process of local rice cultivars production in two conventional and semi-mechanized planting methods in Mazandaran province. Cereal Research, 7(4), 485-502. (in Persian).
Dastan, S., Soltani, A., Nurmohamadi, G., & Madani, H. (2015b). CO2 emission and GWP of energy usage in paddy field production systems. Journal of Agroecology, 6(4), 823-835. (in Persian).
 Dastan, S., Soltani, A., Nurmohamadi, G., & Madani, H. (2016). Estimation of the carbon footprint and GWP in rice production systems. Environmental Science, 4(1), 19-22. (in Persian).
Delmottea, S., Tittonell, P., Moureta, J. C., Hammonda, R., & Lopez-Ridaura, S. (2011). On farm assessment of rice yield variability and productivity gaps between organic and conventional cropping systems under Mediterranean climate. European Journal of Agronomy, 35, 223-236.
Espe, M. B., Cassman, K. G., Yang, H., Guilpart, N., Grassini, P., van Wart, J., Anders, M., Beighley, D., Harrell, D., Linscombe, S., McKenzie, K., Mutters, R., Wilson, L. T., & Linquist, B. A. (2016b). Yield gap analysis of US rice production systems shows opportunities for improvement. Field Crops Research, 196, 276-283.
Espe, M. B., Yang, H., Cassman, K. G., Guilpart, N., Sharifi, H., & Linquist, B. A. (2016a). Estimating yield potential in temperate high- yielding, direct-seeded US rice production systems. Field Crops Research, 193, 123-132.
FAO. (2019). FAO rice market monitor (RMM). Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/rice-publications/rice-market-monitor-rmm/en/.
Gorjizad, A., Dastan, S., Soltani, A., & Ajam Norouzi, H. (2019a). Documenting production process and yield gap constraints of improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars by CPA method in Neka region. Agroecology Journal, 11(1), 277-294. (In Persian).
Gorjizad, A., Dastan, S., Soltani, A., & Ajam Norouzi, H. (2019b). Large scale assessment of the production process and rice yield gap analysis by comparative performance analysis and boundary-line analysis methods. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 14(1174), 123-131.
Habibi, E., Niknejad, Y., Fallah, H., Dastan, S., & Barari, D. (2019a). Estimation of yield gap of rice by comparative performance analysis (CPA) in the Amol and Rasht regions. Journal of Plant Production, 42(3), In Press (In Persian).
Habibi, E., Niknejad, Y., Fallah, H., Dastan, S., & Barari, D. (2019b). Life cycle assessment of rice production systems in different paddy field size levels in north of Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191,202. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7344-0
Halalkhor, S., Dastan, S., Soltani, A., & Ajam Norouzi, H. (2018). Documenting the process of rice production and yield gap associated with crop management in local cultivars of rice production (Case study: Mazandaran Province, Babol Region). Journal of Crops Improvement, 20(2), 397-418. (In Persian).
Huang, M., Zou, Y. B., Jiang, P., Xia, B., Md, I., & Ao, H. J. (2011). Relationship between grain yield and yield components in super hybrid rice. Agricultural Science in China, 10, 1537-1544.
Huang, X., Wang, L., Yang, L., & Kravchenko, A. N. (2008). Management effects on relationships of crop yields with topography represented by wetness index and precipitation. Agronomy Journal, 100, 1463-1471.
Kayiranga, D. (2006). The effects of land factors and management practices on rice yields. International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Enschede (ITC). The Netherlands, 72 p.
Lobell, D. B., Cassman, K. G., & Field, C. B. (2009). Crop yield gaps: Their importance, magnitudes, and causes. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34, 179-204.
Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran. (2016). Annual Agricultural Statics. Retrieved from: www.maj.ir
Mueller, N. D., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M. Ray, D. K., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. A. (2012). Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature, 490, 254-257.
Nalley, L., Tack, J., Barkley, A., Jagadish, K., & Brye, K. (2016). Quantifying the agronomic and economic performance of hybrid and conventional rice varieties. Agronomy Journal, 108(4), 1514-1523.
Nezamzadeh, E., Dastan, S., Soltani, A., & Ajam Norouzi, H. (2019). Evaluation of yield gap associated with crop management in rapeseed production using comparative performance analysis (CPA) and boundary- line analysis (BLA) methods in Neka region. Applied Field Crops Research, In Press. (In Persian).
Pishgar- Komleh, S. H., Sedeedpari, P., & Rafiee, S. (2011). Energy and economic analysis of rice production under different farm levels in Guilan province of Iran. Energy, 36, 5824-5831.
Pradhan, R. (2004). The effect of land and management aspects on maize yield. International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Enschede (ITC). The Netherlands, 52 p.
Reidsma, P., & Jeuffroy, M. H. (2017). Farming systems analysis and design for sustainable intensification: New methods and assessments. European Journal of Agronomy, 82, 203-205.
Rezvntalab, N., Dastan, S., & Soltani, A. (2019). Identification of yield constraints and yield gap monitoring of local rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars in Mazandaran province. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 21(2), In Press (In Persian).
Silva, J. V., Reidsma, P., Laborte, A. G., & van Ittersum, M. K. (2017). Explaining rice yields and yield gaps in Central Luzon, Philippines: An application of stochastic frontier analysis and crop modeling. European Journal of Agronomy, 82, 223-241.
Soltani, A., Hajjarpoor, A., & Vadez, V. (2016). Analysis of chickpea yield gap and water-limited potential yield in Iran. Field Crops Research, 185, 21-30.
Tanaka, A., Diagneb, M., & Saito, K. (2015). Causes of yield stagnation in irrigated lowland rice systems in the Senegal River Valley: Application of dichotomous decision tree analysis. Field Crops Research, 176, 99-107.
Tanaka, A., Saitob, K., Azomab, K., & Kobayashi, K. (2013). Factors affecting variation in farm yields of irrigated lowland rice in southern-central Benin. European Journal of Agronomy, 44, 46-53.
van Ittersum, M. K., Cassman, K. G., Grassini, P., Wolf, J., Tittonell, P., & Hochman, Z. (2013). Yield gap analysis with local to global relevance-A review. Field Crops Research, 143, 4-17.
van Wart, J., Kersebaum, K. C., Peng, S., Milner, M., & Cassman, K. G. (2013). Estimating crop yield potential at regional to national scales. Field Crops Research, 143, 34-43.
Xu, X., He, P., Zhao, S., Qiu, S., Johnston, A. M., & Zhou, W. (2016). Quantification of yield gap and nutrient use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Field Crops Research, 186, 58-65.
Yadi, R., Ebrahimi, M., & Dastan, S. (2017). Phenological traits and grain yield of rice genotypes in three cropping systems. International Journal of Tropical Medicine, 12(1), 36-40.
 
Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 38, Issue 1
October 2019
Pages 101-109

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics