Effect of temperature and inoculum density on disease intensity of Phytophthora parsiana

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of Plant Protection, Collage of Agriculture, Shiraz University Shiraz, I.R. Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT- The effects of inoculum density and temperature on the disease intensity of Phytophthora parsiana on almond seedlings were investigated. Almond seeds (Rabie and Kaghazi cultivars) were placed in moist vermiculite at 4°C for 45 days. Germinated seeds were sown in a soil: sand mixture (2:1 v/v) and grown in greenhouse (18°C-25°C). One-month-old seedlings were transferred from the greenhouse to the growth chambers set at 15, 18, 20, 25,30 and 32°C. The seedlings were subsequently inoculated either with mycelium of P. parsiana grown for 4-6 weeks on vermiculite amended with hemp seed extract or with zoospore (103, 104, 105 and 106 ml-1) by root dip method. The effect of temperature, inoculum density and their interaction on seedling mortality was measured. The results indicated that all three factors had significant effects on seedling mortality. While the highest disease incidence (100% mortality in almond seedlings) occurred at 30°C and 32°C, no mortality was observed at 15°C and18°C. Increasing temperature from 20°C to 30°C and inoculum rate from 103 to 106 zoospores ml-1 increased disease incidence significantly. Higher temperatures and inoculum densities also caused significant increases in the colonization level of the crown, main and lateral roots as well as reductions in the fresh and dry root weights of the seedlings.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

اثر دما و تراکم اینوکلوم بر شدت بیماری زایی Phytophthora parsiana

Authors [Persian]

  • وحیده رفیعی
  • ضیاءالدین بنی هاشمی
  • حبیب اله حمزه زرقانی
گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده-در این مطالعه، اثرات غلظت های مختلف مایه و دماهای مختلف، بر شدت بیماری زایی گونهPhytophthora parsiana  روی بادام مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور بذور بادام (ارقام ربیع و کاغذی)در ورمی کولیت مرطوب در دمای°C4 به مدت 45 روز نگهداری شد. بذور جوانه زده در گلدان های حاوی خاک ماسه به نسبت 1:2 کشت داده شد و در گلخانه در دمای °C 25-18 تا رشد کامل نگهداری شدند. یک ماه پس از رشد، نهال ­ها به اتاقک های رشد با دماهای 15، 18، 20، 25، 30 و °C 32 منتقل و گلدان ها به دو روش، با ریختن عصاره شاهدانه– ورمی کولیت حاوی بلوک های کشت بیمارگر در پای طوقه و یا با غلظت های مختلف زئوسپور شامل 103، 104، 105 و 106 اسپور در میلی لیتر به روشroot dip مایه زنی شدند. نتایج نشان داد افزایش دما و تراکم مایه و برهمکنش آنها  به طور معنی داری بر مرگ و میر دانهال ها تاثیر دارد .  دامنه دمایی°C32-30  سبب مرگ و میر 100 درصدی دانهال های بادام شد، در حالیکه در دامنه دمایی ºC 20-15، هیچگونه مرگ و میر دانهال های بادام مشاهده نگردید. با افزایش دما از 20 به °C30 و افزایش غلظت زئوسپور از 103 به 106 در میلی لیتر، وقوع بیماری به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. دماهای بالا و مقدار مایه بالاتر 106در میلی لیتر سبب کاهش معنی دار وزن تر و خشک ریشه و نیز درصد آلودگی ریشه‌های فرعی، اصلی و طوقه  گردید.

Keywords [Persian]

  • واژه‏های کلیدی:
  • بادام
  • بیماری‌زایی
  • پوسیدگی ریشه
  • دمای بالا
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