Evaluation of different growth media for tomato seedlings to optimize production and water use

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, I. R. Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT- Soilless cultivation systems are used to attain higher performance, improve crop quality, conserve water and land, and protect the environment better. This study has attempted to use some agricultural wastes and organic matter, and management practices to optimize water holding capacity of cultural media, which are suitable for the growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum.). Fifteen different substrate (growth media) mixtures with a mineral fraction (sand and perlite) and organic fractions (bagasse, oak tree bark, poplar wood chips) were prepared and compared. Sand (2-4mm) and perlite (4-6 mm) were mixed at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent volume ratios with organic fractions at 0, 30 and 60 percent. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and 3 replications with 6 observations per treatment. During the seedling growth period (45 days), every 7 days, 90 seedlings were harvested (data for three periods were used) to determine the effect of the growth media on different growth parameters(plant dry matter and leaf area) and indices (RGR, NAR, and SER). The growth rate of tomato seedlings generally increased over time the rate of which varied with treatments. Seedling height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight and dry matter indicated that the highest length (25.91 cm) and diameter (4.83 cm) of the tomato seedlings was in treatment eight (S30P10T30B0C30). It was also shown that the sand fraction as a mineral component had a better performance compared to perliter in growth parameters. For the organic component of the growth media, tree bark treatments were better than wood chips or bagasse. The bagasse treatment had the lowest fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root. The treatments with water holding capacity of 90-100% showed the best response in the growth of tomato seedlings.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارزیابی بسترهای کشت مختلف برای رشد نشاء گوجه فرنگی در جهت بهینه سازی تولید و مصرف آب

Authors [Persian]

  • حسین میر سید حسینی
  • الهام علوی پور
  • مجتبی دلشاد
گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده-سیستم‌های کشت بدون خاک برای رسیدن به عملکردبیشترباکیفیت بهتر، صرفه جویی در مصرف آب و زمین و حفاظت بهتر از محیطزیست به وجود آمده‌اند. ظرفیت نگهداری پایین آب بسترهای مورد استفاده در سیستمهای کشت بدون خاک باعث افزایش هدررفت آب و تنش در این کشت ها می‌شود .تنظیم دور آبیاری و مدیریت محلول رسانی می‌تواند سبب کاهش مشکلات احتمالی گردد. در این تحقیق تلاش شده است تا بااستفاده از ضایعات کشاورزی و مواد آلی و مدیریت محلول‌دهی براساس ظرفیت نگهداری رطوبت بستر، بسترهای کشت مناسب جهت رشد نشاء گوجه فرنگی (Solanum Lycopersicon Mill) تهیه و عملکرد آنها بررسی گردد. جهت تهیه این بسترها باگاسنی شکر، پوست درخت بلوط و تراشه چوب صنوبر در نسبت‌های حجمی مختلف با ماسه و پرلیت مخلوط و در قالب یک طرح کاملاتصادفی با 15تیمار و 3 تکرار و 6 مشاهده در کشت نشاء مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. محلول غذایی براساس فرمول تهیه و درفرکانس‌های زمانی مشخص در اختیارگیاه قرار ‌گرفت، هر7 روز 90 نشاء برداشت و اثر بسترها مورد بررسی قرار ‌گرفت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین طول و قطرنشای گوجه فرنگی مربوط به تیمار 8 (S30P10T30B0C30) بود و از نظر بخش معدنی ماسه نسبت به پرلیت در افزایش شاخص‌های رشد گیاه موثرتر بود. از نظر بخش آلینتایج نشان دهنده‌ی مطلوب بودن پوست درخت نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر بود و تیمارهای حاوی باگاس کمترین وزن تر و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه را به خود اختصاص دادند. تیمارهای با ظرفیت نگهداری رطوبت 90-100% بهترین واکنش را نسبت به رشد گیاهچه های گوجه فرنگی نشان دادند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • واژه های کلیدی:
  • کشت بدون خاک
  • ضایعات کشاورزی
  • ظرفیت نگهداریرطوبت
  • باگاس

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 36, Issue 2
December 2017
Pages 61-70

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