The effect of planting methods on maize growth and yield at different irrigation regimes

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

1 Department of Biosystems Engineering , College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran.

2 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran.

Abstract

ABSTRACT- Maize production, which is ranked after wheat and barely in Fars province, Iran, needs a considerable amount of irrigation water that is not available in scarce water conditions in drought situations. Therefore, proper planting method can improve irrigation water management. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of two planting methods, on-bed and in furrow bottom, on maize growth and yield, and also on soil water content in root zone at different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid condition. The  results can be used for improving or designing appropriate machinery maize cropping in-bottom of furrows. Experimental treatments were applied: water at amounts of 60, 80 and 100% of crop evapotranspiraton (ETc), and two planting methods on-bed and in-bottom of furrow were used. The experiment was conducted and analysed in a split-plot design with three replications. Results revealed that the irrigation regimes and planting methods had significant effects on grain yield and total dry matter of maize. The irrigation regime of 80% of ETc with planting in-bottom resulted in highest grain yield (8193 kg ha-1) and water use efficiency(1.05 kg m-3). Although the highest yield was obtained for in-bottom planting, the restricted root growth observed may be due to soil compaction resulting from furrower pressure on the soil. Hence, designing soil tillage tools for reducing the soil compaction beneath the seedbed is recommended for future studies.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

تاثیرروش کشت بر رشد و عملکرد ذرت در رژیم های مختلف آبیاری

Authors [Persian]

  • علیرضا سپاسخواه 2
  • محمد مهدی مهارلویی 1
2 دانشگاه شیراز
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده- تولید ذرت در استان فارس بعد از جو و گندم در مقام سوم قرار گرفته است. این محصول به مقدار قابل ملاحظه ای آب آبیاری نیاز دارد که در شرایط کم آبی و خشکسالی در دسترس نیست. بنابراین، یک روش کشت صحیح می تواند مدیریت آب آبیاری را بهبود بخشد. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر روش کشت داخل جویچه و روی پشته بر رشد، عملکرد ذرت و محتوای رطوبت خاک در ناحیه ریشه در مقادیر مختلف آب آبیاری در شرایط اقلیمی نیمه خشک می باشد. نتایج این مطالعه برای اصلاح و طراحی ماشین های کاشت، داشت و برداشت ذرت برای کشت در داخل جویچه لازم و ضروری است. تیمارهای این پژوهش شامل مقدارآب آبیاری با مقادیر 100، 80 و 60 درصد تبخیر- تعرق، و روش روش کشت روی پشته و داخل جویچه بود. آزمون ها در قالب طرح کرت های خرد شده اجرا و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که رژیم های آبیاری و روش کشت بر عملکرد و کل ماده خشک ذرت اثر معنی داری داشته است.رژیم آبیاری 80 درصد تبخیر- تعرق با روش کشت داخل جویچه بیشترین عملکرد  دانه (8193 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) و بهره وری آب آبیاری (05/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) را بدنبال داشت. اگرچه بیشترین عملکرد در روش کشت داخل جویچه بدست آمد، اما رشد ریشه در اثر سفت شدن خاک کف جوی به علت عبور جویچه ساز محدود شده بود.بنابراین، طراحی ابزار خاکورزی برای سست کردن خاک کف جویچه در زیر بستر بذر برای مطالعات بعدی توصیه می شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • واژه های کلیدی:
  • آب کاربردی
  • بهره وری آب آبیاری
  • ذرت
  • روش کشت
  • کارنده

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