Magnetic microrobot navigation in a two-dimensional environment for gene delivery using natural language processing

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, I. R. Iran

2 Alborz Province Education and Training Office for Brilliant Talents, Karaj, I. R. Iran

Abstract

In this study, an interactive system combining the Vosk speech-to-text (STT) engine with a natural language processing (NLP) model was developed for controlling a disk-shaped magnetic microrobot. The system was designed based on the “human-in-the-loop” (HITL) approach, in which a human operator guides the microrobot in a two-dimensional space using voice commands. For performance analysis, a pre-trained DistilBERT model was employed, achieving an accuracy of 100% during training and 95.9% on validation data. In the test phase, the STT toolkit alone correctly converted only 32.65% of voice commands into text; however, after processing by the NLP model, the overall system accuracy increased to 79.59%. This indicates that the NLP model can compensate for errors in speech-to-text conversion. Furthermore, the developed model achieved an average processing time of 0.108 seconds, which is significantly faster than DistilBERT’s 6.30 seconds, while maintaining classification accuracy. The results demonstrate that integrating an STT engine with a lightweight, accurate NLP model is an effective approach for controlling microrobot through voice commands. This system could pave the way for the development of voice-based navigation technologies in gene delivery, biological, and industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract

Magnetic microrobot navigation in a two-dimensional environment for gene delivery using natural language processing

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References

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Iran Agricultural Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 July 2026

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