Investigating flower yield and corm behavior of saffron under different dense planting systems in Kermanshah, western Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Plant Production and Genetics Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, I. R. Iran

Abstract

This study was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran (2016-2019), to investigate the effects of dense corm planting on the yield and yield components of saffron plants. The research was designed as a factorial experiment within a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. The experimental factors included harvest times (years) and dense corm planting at three levels: 100, 200, and 300 corms per square meter. The results showed that increasing dense corm planting over three years had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on several traits, including the number of flowers, fresh weight of petals, dry weight of stigmas, flowering duration (days), corm diameter, dry corm weight, and the number of daughter corms. The interaction effect of year and the planting density of corms was significant (P < 0.01) on all studied traits except for flowering duration. Using a high planting density of 300 corms per square meter over three years resulted in a decrease in the fresh weight of petals (65.6%) and the dry weight of stigmas (78.4%). Thus, a dense planting of 200 corms per square meter is recommended for achieving maximum yield and economic benefit in saffron cultivation under the climatic conditions of Kermanshah over three years.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

بررسی عملکرد گل و رفتار بنه زعفران در تراکم های مختلف کشت در کرمانشاه، غرب ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • الناز زمانی
  • هومن سالاری
  • مهتاب مهرکیش
گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر کاشت متراکم بنه بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد بوته زعفران با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سالهای 1395 تا 1398 در شهر کرمانشاه انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل سال و کاشت متراکم بنه در سه سطح 100، 200 و 300 بنه در متر مربع بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که افزایش کاشت متراکم بنه در سه سال بر صفات تعداد گل، وزن تر گلبرگ، وزن خشک کلاله، مدت گلدهی (روز)، قطر بنه، وزن خشک بنه ها و تعداد بنه های دختری کاملاً معنی دار بود (p≤0.01). همچنین اثر متقابل سال بر کاشت متراکم بنه برای همه صفات مورد مطالعه به جز مدت گلدهی معنی‌دار بود (p≤0.01). در این تحقیق مشاهده شد که استفاده از تراکم کاشت بالا (300 بنه در متر مربع) به مدت سه سال باعث کاهش وزن تر گلبرگ ها (65.6 %) و وزن خشک کلاله ها (78.4 %) شد. با توجه به نتایج ما، کاشت متراکم بنه 200 بنه در متر مربع برای دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد و سود اقتصادی در کشت زعفران در شرایط اقلیمی کرمانشاه طی سه سال توصیه می شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • زعفران
  • عملکرد اقتصادی
  • قطر بنه
  • کاشت متراکم بنه

References

Alizadeh, M. B., Makarian, H., Ebadi, A., & Shafaroodi, A. (2021). Evaluation of the effect of different fertilizer treatments on yield and some reproductive traits of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the climatic conditions of Ardabil. Journal of Saffron Research, 9(1), 11-27. https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2020.3299.1130
Behnia, M. R., & Mokhtari, M. (2009). Effect of planting methods and corm density in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield. In III International Symposium on Saffron: Forthcoming Challenges in Cultivation, Research and Economics 850 (pp. 131-136). https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.20
Beiki, A. H., Keifi, F., & Mozafari, J. (2010). Genetic differentiation of Crocus species by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Journal, 18, 1-10.
Cardone, L., Castronuovo, D., Perniola, M., Scrano, L., Cicco, N., & Candido, V. (2020). The influence of soil physical and chemical properties on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) growth, yield and quality. Agronomy, 10(8), 1154. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081154
Choopan, Y., HezarJaribi, A., Ghorbani, K., Hesam, M., & Khashei-Siuki, A. (2021). Evaluation of the effect of municipal wastewater and irrigation time on quantitative and qualitative reactions of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research, 9(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.22077/jsr.2020.3780.1142
Colla, G., & Rouphael, Y. (2009). Evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) production in Italy: Effects of the age of saffron fields and plant density. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 7(1), 19-23.
Darbaghshahi, M. N., Khajebashi, S. M., Banitaba, S. A., & Dehdashti, S. M. (2009). Effects of planting method, density and depth on yield and production period of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Isfahan Region. Seed and Plant, 24(4), 643-657. https://doi.org/10.22092/spij.2017.110815
De Juan, J. A., Córcoles, H. L., Muñoz, R. M., & Picornell, M. R. (2009). Yield and yield components of saffron under different cropping systems. Industrial Crops and Products, 30(2), 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.03.011
El Hajj, A. K., Moustafa, S., Oleik, S., Telj, V., Taha, N., Chehabeldine, H., & Tachach, T. E. (2019). Yield of saffron (Crocus sativus) under different corm densities. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(8), 183. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n8p183
Esmaeilian, Y., Amiri, M. B., & Neamatollahi, E. (2022). High density planting and manure affect flower yield, corm characteristics, and volatile compounds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 176, 114363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114363
Gresta, F., Avola, G., Lombardo, G. M., Siracusa, L., & Ruberto, G. (2009a). Analysis of flowering, stigmas yield and qualitative traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) as affected by environmental conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 119(3), 320-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.08.008
Gresta, F., Lombardo, G. M., Siracusa, L., & Ruberto, G. (2009b). Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems: A review. Sustainable agriculture, 355-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_23
Khajeh-Hosseini, M., & Fallahpour, F. (2020). Emerging innovation in saffron production. In Saffron (pp. 205-216). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818638-1.00012-5
Koocheki, A., Tabrizi, L., Jahani, M., & Mohammadabadi, A. A. (2012). An evaluation of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm planting rate and pattern on the crop's performance. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 42(4), 379-391.
Koocheki, A., Moghaddam, P. R., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., & Fallahi, H. R. (2019). Corm weight or number per unit of land: Which one is more effective when planting corm, based on the age of the field from which corms were selected? Industrial crops and products, 131, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.026
Kothari, D., Thakur, R., & Kumar, R. (2021). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): Gold of the spices—A comprehensive review. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 62(5), 661-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-021-00349-8
Kumar, R., Singh, V., Devi, K., Sharma, M., Singh, M. K., & Ahuja, P. S. (2008). State of art of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) agronomy: A comprehensive review. Food Reviews International, 25(1), 44-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559120802458503
Molina, R. V., Renau-Morata, B., Nebauer, S. G., García-Luis, A., & Guardiola, J. L. (2010). Greenhouse saffron culture-temperature effects on flower emergence and vegetative growth of the plants. Acta horticulturae, 850, 91-94. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.12
Molina, R. V., Valero, M., Navarro, Y., Guardiola, J. L., & Garcia-Luis, A. J. S. H. (2005). Temperature effects on flower formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Scientia horticulturae, 103(3), 361-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.005
Mollafilabi, A., Koocheki, A., Moghaddam, P. R., & Mahallati, M. N. (2016). Effect of plant density and corm weight on yield and yield components of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under soil, hydroponic and plastic tunnel cultivation. Saffron Agronomy & Technology, 2, 14-28. https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2014.4815
Ramezani, M., Dourandish, A., Jamali Jaghdani, T., & Aminizadeh, M. (2022). The influence of dense planting system on the technical efficiency of saffron production and land use sustainability: Empirical evidence from Gonabad county, Iran. Agriculture, 12(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010092
Rashed-Mohassel, M. H. (2020). Evolution and botany of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and allied species. In: Saffron. (pp. 37-57). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818638-1.00004-6
Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. (2020). Ecophysiology of saffron. In: Saffron. (pp. 119-137). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818638-1.00008-3
Sadeghi, S. M., Dehnadi-Moghaddam, G., & Dooroodian, H. (2014). Evaluation of effects of date, depth and corm sowing distance on corms growth and stigma yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Langarood, Guilan province. Saffron agronomy and technology, 2(2), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2014.7271
Seyyedi, S. M., Ebrahimian, E., & Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E. (2018). Saffron daughter corms formation, nitrogen and phosphorous uptake in response to low planting density, sampling rounds, vermicompost and mineral fertilizers. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 49(5), 585-603. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1432634
Shahnoushi, N., Abolhassani, L., Kavakebi, V., Reed, M., & Saghaian, S. (2020). Economic analysis of saffron production. In: Saffron. (pp. 337-356). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818638-1.00021-6
Shajari, M. A., Moghaddam, P. R., Ghorbani, R., & Koocheki, A. (2020). The possibility of improving saffron (Crocus sativus L.) flower and corm yield through the irrigation and soil texture managements. Scientia Horticulturae, 271, 109485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109485
Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 42, Issue 2
November 2023
Pages 93-99

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics