Wheat Straw Biochar Interacts with Irrigation Water and Irrigation Water Salinity to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Faba Bean

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran

2 Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, I.R. Iran Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, I.R. Iran

3 Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark

Abstract

Faba bean, although, is widely cultivated, it’s yield is affected by drought and salinity stresses. Biochar can potentially reduce the negative effects of drought and salinity stress. In this study, the interaction effects of biochar, irrigation water regimes and irrigation water salinities on faba bean’s yield, crop water use efficiency (CWUE) and ion concentrations were evaluated under greenhouse condition. The treatments were biochar (0, 1.25 and 2.5% w/w, as B0, B1.25 and B2.5, respectively), irrigation water regime (50, 75 and 100% of crop water requirement, as I50%, I75%, and I100%, respectively) and irrigation water salinity (0.6, 4 and 8 dS m-1, as S0.6, S4 and S8, respectively), that were arranged in a factorial arrangement using a complete randomized design with four replications. Biochar applied at 2.5% w/w significantly decreased actual crop evapotranspiration by 11% in comparison with that obtained in B0. The maximum dry seed yield (14.4 g pot-1) was obtained under B2.5S0.6I100% treatment. The CWUE of 0.47 kg m-3 for B2.5S8I50% was 1.27 times that obtained in B0S0.6I100%. Seed sodium concentration under B2.5S8I50% (0.34 g kg-1) was significantly lower than that obtained in B0S8I50% (0.55 g kg-1). Biochar application increased the plant tolerance to salinity, as the maximum threshold of soil saturated electrical conductivity of 5.2 dS m-1 was observed under B2.5I50% treatment, which was higher than 2.5 dS m-1 obtained in B0I50% treatment. Finally, cultivation of faba bean under 2.5% w/w biochar and 100% non-saline irrigation water level is recommended for maximum faba bean production.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

برهمکنش بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم با آب آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری برای بهبود راندمان مصرف آب و محصول باقلا

Authors [Persian]

  • محمد رضا بهادری قصرالدشتی 1
  • فاطمه رزاقی 2
  • علی رضا سپاسخواه 2
  • ایمنویل آرتور 3
1 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران
2 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران و مرکز تحقیقات خشکسالی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران
3 بخش آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده علوم فنی، دانشگاه آرهوس، دانمارک
Abstract [Persian]

باقلا با وجود اینکه به طور گسترده کشت می‌شود، میزان محصول آن تحت تأثیر تنش‌های خشکی و شوری قرار دارد. بیوچار به طور بالقوه می‌تواند اثرات منفی تنش خشکی و شوری را کاهش دهد. در این تحقیق، ارزیابی اثرات متقابل بیوچار، رژیم‌های آب آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری بر عملکرد باقلا، کارایی مصرف آب محصول (CWUE) و غلظت یون در شرایط گلخانه‌ مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تیمارها شامل صفر، 1/25 و 2/5 درصد وزنی بیوچار (بترتیب بعنوان تیمارهای B0، B1.25 و B2.5)، رژیم های آبیاری (50، 75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی محصول، بترتیب بعنوان تیمارهای I50%، I75% و I100%) و شوری آب آبیاری (0/6، 4 و 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، بترتیب بعنوان تیمارهای S0.6، S4 و S8) بود که به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار منظور شدند. کاربرد بیوچار 2/5 درصد وزنی در مقایسه با B0 سبب کاهش 11 درصدی تبخیر- تعرق واقعی شد. حداکثر محصول دانه خشک (14/4 گرم در گلدان) تحت تیمار B2.5S0.6I100% بدست آمد. مقدار CWUE در تیمار B2.5S8I50 0/47کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بدست آمد که 1/27 برابر CWUE در تیمار B0S0.6I100% بود. غلظت سدیم بذر در تیمار B2.5S8I50% (0/34 گرم بر کیلوگرم) به طور معنی داری کمتر از غلظت سدیم بذر در تیمار B0S8I50% (0/55 گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. کاربرد بیوچار تحمل گیاه به شوری را افزایش داد، زیرا حداکثر آستانه هدایت الکتریکی اشباع خاک 5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر در تیمار B2.5I50% مشاهده شد که بالاتر از 2/5 دسی زیمنس بر متر در تیمار B0I50% بود. در نهایت، کاشت باقلا با کاربرد 2/5 درصد وزنی بیوچار و آبیاری کامل با آب غیر شور برای تولید حداکثری باقلا توصیه می شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • آستانه هدایت الکتریکی اشباع
  • تابع محصول-شوری
  • تبخیر-تعرق واقعی
  • نسبت جذب سدیم

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 42, Issue 1
June 2023
Pages 1-13

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