Agro-physiological parameters for improving drought tolerance in rapeseed genotypes to cultivate in saline soils

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Horticulture and Crops Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, I. R. Iran

2 Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, AREEO, Karaj, I. R. Iran

Abstract

 This study was conducted to introduce agro-physiological traits for improving drought tolerant rapeseed winter genotypes for cultivation in saline areas. Eighteen rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions from flowering and seed filling stages to seed maturity for two years (2012-2014) at the saline soils (EC=6.7 dS m-1) in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of East Azarbaijan, Iran. Drought stress significantly decreased pod length, plant height, seed yield, yield components and stomatal conductance and increased canopy temperature.Among the genotypes, significant differences were observed for pod length, the number of seeds in a pod, seed and oil yields, and stomatal conductance. The correlations among the traits were significantly positive. According to the results of genotypes grouping, HW101, L183, L73, and L72 having higher pod length, the number of seeds in a pod, stomatal conductance, seed and oil yields, which were recognized as the promising ones. The results of this study indicated that, the pod length, the number of seeds in a pod and stomatal conductance as simple and easy parameters can be used to select late season drought tolerant rapeseed winter genotypes for cultivation in saline areas. Also, the cluster analysis method was able to discriminate productive genotypes. Water deficit during flowering and seed filling stages, decreased the mean of seed yields by 800 and 584 Kg h-1 during the first year and 1764 and 1154 Kg h-1 during the second year of the experiment, of this study respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the evaluated rapeseed genotypes at the flowering stage were more sensitive to drought compared to the seed filling stage.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

پارامتر های آگروفیزیولوژیکی برای توسعه تحمل به خشکی در ژنوتیپ های کلزا جهت کشت در خاک های شور

Authors [Persian]

  • بهمن پاسبان اسلام 1
  • امیر حسین شیرانی راد 2
1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،
2 بخش تحقیقات دانه های روغنی، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

مطالعه با هدف معرفی خصوصیات آگروفیزیولوژیکی برای توسعه ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به‌خشکی کلزای پاییزه جهت کشت در اراضی شور اجرا گردید. هجده زنوتیپ کلزا در شرایط بدون تنش و خشکی واقع شده از مراحل گل‌دهی و پرشدن دانه تا رسیدگی طی دوسال زراعی (94-1392) در خاک‌های شور (dS m-1 7/6 EC=) مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، ایران ارزیابی شدند. تنش خشکی طول خورجین، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، اجزای آن و هدایت روزنه را به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش و دمای تاج پوشش برگی را افزایش داد. بین ژنوتیپ‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری در طول خورجین، تعداد دانه در خورجین، عملکرد دانه و روغن و هدایت روزنه دیده شد. همبستگی بین این خصوصیات باهمدیگر مثبت و معنی‌دار بودند. طبق نتایج گروه‌بندی ژنوتیپ‌ها، HW101، L183، L73 و L72 با داشتن مقادیر بالاتر طول خورجین، تعداد دانه در خورجین، هدایت روزنه، عملکرد دانه و روغن به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های امید بخش شناسایی شدند. بنابراین طول خورجین، تعداد دانه در خورجین و هدایت روزنه به‌عنوان شاخص‌های ساده و آسان برای گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های پاییزه متحمل به تنش خشکی آخر فصل کلزا جهت کشت در اراضی شور قابل استفاده می‌باشند. همچنین روش تجزیه کلاستر توانست ژنوتیپ‌های با عملکرد بالا را تفکیک کند. به-طور کلی بروز تنش خشکی از مراحل گل‌دهی و پرشدن دانه میانگین عملکرد دانه را به‌ترتیب 800 و 584 گیلوگرم در هکتار طی سال اول و 1764 و 1154 کیلوگرم در هکتار طی سال دوم آزمایش کاهش داد. بنابراین ژنوتیپ‌های کلزا به خشکی واقع شده از مرحله گل‌دهی حساس‌تر از خشکی در مرحله پرشدن دانه بودند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تجزیه کلاستر
  • عملکرد دانه
  • طول خورجین
  • هدایت روزنه

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 39, Issue 2
December 2020
Pages 69-78

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