Triticale forage crop quality as affected by water stress and nitrogen biofertilizer in an arid climate

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of Agroecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Understanding the interactive effect of water and nitrogen (N) availability is a crucial issue for stabilizing cereal forage production in the arid areas. A two-year side by side experiment (2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons) was carried out under different N sources and water regimes in a typical arid environment (Darab, Iran) to evaluate the forage quality of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) crop.There were two irrigation regimes [normal irrigation (IRN) and cutting off irrigation after crop anthesis stage (IRMD)]. Rain-fed treatment (IR0) was included in the second year. Three N sources including Azospirillum brasilense (biofertilizer, Bio), Azospirillum brasilense + 75 kg N ha-1 as urea (Bio + N75), 150 kg N ha-1 as urea (N150) and unfertilized plots (N0 ascontrol) were used. Water stress decreased leaf-stem (L/S) ratio, dry mater (DM) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) and increased crude forage protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ash contents. However, the effect of water stress on forage ash, DMD, ADF contents, L/S ratio (in 2015-2016 growing season) and CP content depended on N sources. In Bio + N75, triticale forage had the highest CP content, DMD, ash and L/S ratio (in 2015-2016 growing season) and the lowest ADF compared with the other N sources under water stress conditions. According to the results of this study, it can be suggested that the integration of biofertilizer and chemical N fertilizer be successfully used to increase the quality of triticale forage under deficit irrigation regimes in sustainable farming systems in arid conditions.    

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

تاثیر کود زیستی نیتروژن و تنش آبی بر کیفیت علوفه‌ای تریتیکاله در شرایط اقلیمی خشک

Authors [Persian]

  • وحید براتی
  • احسان بیژن زاده
بخش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

فهم برهمکنش آب و قابلیت دسترسی به کود نیتروژن موضوع مهمی برای ثبات تولید علوفه در مناطق خشک است. این مطالعه، برهمکنش منابع نیتروژن و تنش آبی بر مهمترین ویژگی‌های گیاه تریتیکاله (×Triticosecale Wittmack) که در کیفیت علوفه‌ای آن نقش دارند را در منطقه‌ای با شرایط اقلیمی خشک از ایران در سال های 2016-2015 و 2017-2016 مورد بررسی قرار داده است. رژیم‌های آبیاری شامل دو سطح در سال نخست: 1- آبیاری مطلوب و 2- قطع آبیاری پس از مرحله‌ی گلدهی (تنش آبی) بودند. در سال دوم، شرایط دیم نیز به عنوان تیمار سوم به آزمایش اضافه شد. منابع نیتروژن شامل چهار سطح: 1- تیمار زیستی: باکتری آزوسپیریلوم 2- تیمار تلفیقی: استفاده از باکتری آزوسپیریلوم + 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار به صورت اوره 3- کود نیتروژن: 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار به صورت اوره 4- شاهد: صفر کیلوگرم نیتروژن بر هکتار بودند. تنش آبی سبب کاهش نسبت برگ به ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، گوارش پذیری ماده‌ی خشک (DMD) و فیبرهای نا محلول در شوینده‌های اسیدی (ADF) شد. در مقابل، تنش آبی مقدار پروتئین خام (CP)، فیبرهای نا محلول در شوینده‌های خنثی (NDF) و مقدار خاکستر را افزود. اما، اثر تنش رطوبتی بر مقدار خاکستر، گوارش پذیری ماده‌ی خشک، فیبرهای نا محلول در شوینده‌های اسیدی، نسبت برگ به ساقه (در سال 2016-2015) و مقدار پروتئین خام وابسته به کاربرد منبع نیتروژن بود (برهمکنش معنی‌دار کود نیتروژن × رژیم آبیاری). بالاترین مقدار پروتئین خام، مقدار گوارش پذیری ماده‌ی خشک، مقدار خاکستر و نسبت برگ به ساقه (در سال 2016-2015) و کمترین مقدار فیبر نا محلول در شوینده‌های اسیدی با استفاده از کود تلفیقی در مقایسه با سایر منابع نیتروژن در شرایط تنش آبی بدست آمد. بنابراین، تلفیق کود زیستی (باکتری آزوسپیریلوم) و کود شیمیایی نیتروژن (75 کیلوگرم بر هکتار) می‌تواند به صورت موففقیت آمیزی در جهت افزایش کیفیت علوفه تریتیکاله در شرایط تنش آبی در سامانه‌های پایدار کشاورزی مناطق خشک ایران استفاده شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • آزوسپیریلوم
  • پروتئین خام
  • قابلیت گوارش ماده خشک
  • آبیاری

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 39, Issue 2
December 2020
Pages 57-68

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