Influence of poultry manure and its biochar, Funneliformis mosseae and salinity stress on corn yield and micronutrients concentration

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of soil science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Direct use of poultry manure (PM) as an organic fertilizer in agriculture may cause environmental concerns; therefore, application of its biochar might be an effective solution. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of PM and its biochar (PMB) (control, 1% and 2% PM (w/w), 1% and 2% (W/W) PMB) on the growth and micronutrients concentration of corn under salinity stress (0.5, 3.6, 7.9 and 12.4 dS m-1) in the presence or absence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae). Results indicated that application of PM and PMB significantly increased corn shoot dry weight (SDW) compared to that of control in non-AMF plants. However, SDW was higher in PMB application compared to that of PM by 15% and 8% for 1% and 2% (w/w) application rates, respectively. In AMF-plants, addition of 2% PMB had no significant effect on SDW compared to that of control. Hence, co-application of PMB (2%), and AMF did not increase SDW due to the fact that AMF was ineffective to enhance corn yield (at high phosphorous (P) concentration in 2% PMB rate). Salinity stress, at low levels (3.6 and 7.9 dS m-1), increased SDW of corn but at a higher level (12.4 dS m-1), decreased it significantly, in both non-AMF and AMF plants. In general, shoot micronutrients concentration (except for Cu) significantly increased along with increasing soil ECe levels in AMF and AMF plants. In non-AMF plants, only addition of 2% PMB increased shoot Mn concentration by 20% compared to that of control. However, in AMF plants, application of PM (2%) and PMB (1% and 2%) decreased Mn concentration by 27%, 16%, and 9% compared to those of control treatment, respectively. Poultry manure biochar increased corn shoot Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations compared to those of control due to the higher concentration of these nutrients in biochar compared to PM. In conclusion, pyrolysis of PM almost eliminated foul odor of PM and increased dry matter yield of corn.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

اثر کود مرغی و بیوچار آن، Funneliformis mosseae و تنش شوری بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر کم مصرف گیاه ذرت

Authors [Persian]

  • راضیه کاظمی
  • عبدالمجید رونقی
  • جعفر یثربی
  • رضا قاسمی فسایی
  • مهدی زارعی
گروه مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

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-استفاده مستقیم از کود مرغی به عنوان کود آلی در کشاورزی ممکن است باعث نگرانی‌های محیط زیستی گردد؛ بنابراین بکاربردن بیوچار آن ممکن است راه حل موثری باشد. یک آزمایش گلخانه‌ای به منظور بررسی اثر کود مرغی و بیوچار آن )عدم مصرف ماده آلی بعنوان کنترل، %1 و %2 (w/w) کود مرغی، و %1 و %2  (w/w)بیوچار کود مرغی) بر رشد و غلظت عناصر کم مصرف گیاه ذرت تحت تنش شوری ( 0، 6/3، 9/7، و 4/12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) در حضور و عدم حضور قارچ  میکوریزا آربوسکولار (Funneliformis mosseae) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در تیمار بدون قارچ، کاربرد کود مرغی و بیوچار آن به طور معنی‌داری وزن خشک اندام هوایی را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش داده است. با  کاربرد بیوچار وزن خشک اندام هوایی در حدود 15 و 8 درصد به ترتیب در تیمارهای 1 و 2 درصد در مقایسه با کود مرغی افزایش بیشتری نشان داد. در تیمار قارچ، اضافه کردن 2% بیوچار کودمرغی اثر معنی‌داری بر وزن خشک اندام هوایی نسبت به تیمار شاهد نداشت. ازاین رو، کاربرد همزمان سطح بالای بیوچار کودمرغی (2%) با قارچ در افزایش رشد گیاه، به دلیل بی اثر بودن قارچ بر افزایش عملکرد در سطح بالای فسفر در سطح 2% بیوچار کود مرغی ، مفید نبود. در گیاهان با و بدون قارچ، تنش شوری در سطوح پایین (6/3، 9/7   دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) ،  وزن خشک اندام هوایی را افزایش داد اما در سطح بالا (4/12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر)  باعث کاهش معنی‌دار آن گردید. به طور کلی، در گیاهان با و بدون قارچ، غلظت عناصر کم مصرف اندام هوایی ( به غیر از مس) با افزایش سطوح شوری به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. در تیمار بدون قارچ تنها کاربرد بیوچار%2 غلظت منگنز را نسبت به تیمار شاهد به میزان 20 درصد افزایش داد. در تیمارهای با قارچ، اضافه کردن کود مرغی %1، بیوچار 1و 2% غلظت منگز اندام هوایی را به ترتیب به میزان 27، 16 و 9 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش داد. کاربرد بیوچار کود مرغی غلظت آهن، روی و مس اندام هوایی را به دلیل غلظت بالای این عناصر غذایی در بیوچار در مقایسه با کود مرغی نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش دادند. به طور کلی، پیرولیز کود مرغی به منظور کاهش بوی بد کود مرغی و بهبود خواص آن جهت افزایش رشد گیاه ذرت مفید تشخیص داده شد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • قارچ میکوریزا آربوسکولار
  • کود آلی
  • غلظت عناصر کم مصرف
  • پیرولیز
  • سدیم کلرید

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 38, Issue 2
December 2019
Pages 37-46

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