Effect of Time and Amount of Supplemental Irrigation at Different Distances from Tree Trunks on Quantity and Quality of Rain-fed Fig Production

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of Water Engineering,, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

Supplemental irrigation under prolonged drought conditions has a key role in providing water for transpiration of rain-fed fig trees. The effect of different times and amounts of supplemental irrigation at different distances from the tree trunk on quantity and quality of Estahban rain-fed fig production was evaluated during two years. A randomized complete block design with four replications on fig cultivars of Sabz was used to conduct the experiment. Treatments of supplemental irrigation included three different application positions including: close to tree trunks (NT); 1-1.1 m from tree trunk (UT) and outside of tree canopy (OT), using three different quantities of irrigation water as no supplemental irrigation (control), 1000 and 2000 liters irrigation water per tree, and with two different supplemental irrigation times in early spring and mid-summer. Results showed higher soil water content for irrigation during early spring, near tree trunk with 2000 liters irrigation water per tree. Despite the reduction in total soluble solids (TSS), supplemental irrigation improved the yield, size and skin color of fruits compared to the control. In both years, fig yield was higher in NT and OT treatments compared to UT. Irrigation out of canopy produced more fruits with higher quality. A non-significant difference between yields in irrigation water amount treatments during the second year indicated the adequacy of 1000 liters per tree. Application of 1000 liters, out of canopy in mid-summer would be recommended to fulfill marketing goals and sustainable use of regional water resource under drought conditions in rain-fed fig orchards.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر زمان و مقادیر مختلف آبیاری تکمیلی در فواصل مختلف از تنه درخت بر کمیت و کیفیت محصول انجیردیم

Authors [Persian]

  • محمد عبداللهی پور
  • علی اکبر کامگار حقیقی
  • علیرضا سپاسخواه
  • شاهرخ زندپارسا
  • تورج هنر
گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

آبیاری تکمیلی در خشکسالی های طولانی، نقشی کلیدی در فراهم آوردن آب مورد نیاز جهت تعرق درختان انجیر دیم دارد.در این تحقیق، اثر زمان و مقدار آبیاری تکمیلی در فواصل متفاوت از تنه درخت بر کیفیت و کمیت انجیر دیم استهبان طی دو سال (1392 و 1393) بررسی شد. آزمایشات بر روی انجیر دیم رقم سبز، در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری تکمیلی شامل سه فاصله از درخت: نزدیک به تنه درخت، در فاصله 1-1/1 متر از تنه درخت و در خارج از سایه انداز، سه مقدار آب آبیاری به صورت تیمار بدون آبیاری (شاهد)، 1000 و 2000 لیتر برای هر درخت و دو زمان آبیاری در اوایل بهار و وسط تابستان بود. نتایج نشان داد مقدار رطوبت خاک، برای آبیاری در ابتدای بهار، نزدیک تنه درخت و با 2000 لیتر برای هر درخت، حداکثر بود. علی رغم کاهش مقدار مواد جامد محلول، هر دو تیمار مقدار آبیاری باعث بهبود میزان محصول، رنگ پوست و اندازه میوه، در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، شدند. آبیاری در فاصله سایه انداز، محصول کمتری در مقایسه با آبیاری نزدیک تنه درخت و بیرون سایه انداز نشان داد. آبیاری خارج از سایه انداز، میوه های بیشتری با کیفیت بالاتر تولید کرد. بر اساس نتایج، به منظور دستیابی به اهداف تجاری کشاورزان و نیز استفاده پایدار از منابع آبی منطقه در شرایط خشکسالی برای باغات دیم، کاربرد 1000 لیتر آب برای آبیاری تکمیلی هر درخت، در خارج از سایه انداز در اواسط تابستان توصیه می شود. 

Keywords [Persian]

  • رطوبت خاک
  • زمان آبیاری
  • محصول
  • کیفیت میوه
  • شرایط خشکسالی

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 38, Issue 1
October 2019
Pages 35-46

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