Quantifying water stress in canola (Brassica napus L.) using crop water stress index

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

1 Department of Agroecology, Agricultural College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab I. R. Iran

2 Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran

Abstract

The relationship between canopy temperature and soil moisture is particularly important because of using canopy temperature as an indicator of crop water stress. A field experiment was conducted to calculate crop water stress index (CWSI) of two canola cultivars including RGS and Sarigol at College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Iran during 2013-2014 growing season. Irrigation regimes consisted of well watered [Irrigation equal to 100% field capacity (FC)], light drought (75% FC), moderate drought (50% FC), and severe drought (25% FC) stresses which were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In RGS and Sarigol, CWSI values showed an increasing trend from March (0.066 and 0.093 in well watered) to June (0.711 and 0.821 in severe drought) respectively, as a result of higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and increase in canopy-air temperature differences (Tc-Ta).In both cultivars, when the air temperature increased from March to June, Tc-Ta increased. The highest monthly average value of CWSI for all treatments was obtained in June. By increasing the drought stress, the color grading score decreased from 6 to 2 sharply in May and June. An acceptable color quality (6 -5) was sustained in May, under light drought condition. Also, a negative relationship was observed between CWSI with color quality (R2=0.94**) and grain yield (R2=0.97**). It could be concluded that in semi-arid areas, light drought is the best option for canola production while mean seasonal CWSI being ranged about 0.198 to 0.294 without any loss in visual color quality of canola.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

به کمیت در آوردن تنش خشکی در کلزا (Brassica napus L.) با استفاده از شاخص تنش خشکی گیاه زراعی

Authors [Persian]

  • امین حیدری 1
  • احسان بیژن زاده 1
  • روح اله نادری 1
  • یحیی امام 2
1 بخش اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
2 بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز وعضو مرکز تحقیقات خشکسالی دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

رابطه بین دمای سایه انداز و رطوبت خاک از زمانی که پتانسیل استفاده از دمای سایه‌انداز به عنوان یک شاخصی از تنش خشکی شناسایی شد بسیار مهم شده است. یک آزمایش مزرعه‌ای در سال زراعی 1392-1393 در دانشگاه شیراز، ایران برای محاسبه شاخص تنش خشکی گیاه زراعی در دو رقم کلزای روغنی شامل آر‌جی‌‌اس و ساری‌گل اجرا شد. رژیم‌های آبیاری شامل  آبیاری مطلوب ( آبیاری برابر با 100% ظرفیت مزرعه)، تنش خشکی ملایم (75% ظرفیت مزرعه)، تنش خشکی شدید (50% ظرفیت مزرعه) و تنش خشکی خیلی شدید (25% ظرفیت مزرعه) بودند که در قالب یک طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. در رقم آر‌جی‌اس، مقدار شاخص تنش خشکی گیاه زراعی  از ماه فروردین (066/0 در آبیاری مطلوب) تا تیر ماه (0/711 در تنش خشکی شدید) روند افزایشی داشت که دلیل آن بالاتر بودن کمبود فشار بخار آب و افزایش تفاوت دمای سایه‌انداز و هوای اتمسفر بود. چنین روند مشابهی در رقم ساری‌گل نیز مشاهده شد. در هر دو رقم زمانیکه دمای هوا از فروردین تا تیر افزایش یافت تفاوت دمای سایه‌انداز با هوا افزایش یافت و بالاترین مقدار ماهیانه شاخص تنش خشکی گیاه زراعی برای همه تیمار‌ها در تیر ماه بدست آمد. با افزایش تنش خشکی، میزان نمره درجه‌بندی رنگ که نشان دهنده کیفیت رنگ گیاه است به سرعت از 6 به 3 کاهش یافت و در عدد 2 در ماه های خرداد و تیر ثابت باقی ماند. در تیمار تنش خشکی ملایم یک کیفیت رنگ قابل قبول (با نمره درجه بندی رنگ 5 تا 6) در خرداد ماه بدست آمد. همچنین یک رابطه منفی بین شاخص تنش خشکی گیاه زراعی با کیفیت رنگ گیاه (R2=0.94**) و عملکرد کلزا (R2= 0.97**)  بدست آمد. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت در نواحی نیمه خشک، تنش خشکی ملایم می‌تواند بدون از دست دادن کیفیت رنگ در کلزا بهترین گزینه برای تولید کلزا باشد وقتی که میانگین فصلی شاخص تنش خشکی در کلزا در دامنه ای بین 1198/ 0 تا 0/294 باشد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • دمای سایه انداز
  • کیفیت رنگ
  • تنش خشکی
  • برنامه آبیاری

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 38, Issue 1
October 2019
Pages 1-8

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