Role of soil fertility management on productivity of sesame and cowpea under different cropping systems

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, I. R. Iran.

2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, I. R. Iran.

Abstract

ABSTRACT- Declining land productivity associated with decreasing soil organic carbon and nutrients is a significant issue in monoculture production. The field experiment with different rates of fertilizer systems (60 kg ha-1 N + 100 kg ha-1 P, 300 kg ha-1 Bio-organic (organic fertilizer), 3 kg ha-1 Bioumik (biofertilizer), 30 kg ha-1  N + 50 kg ha-1 P + 150 kg ha-1 Bio-organic fertilizer and 30 kg ha-1 N + 50 kg ha-1 P + 1.5 kg ha-1 Bioumik) as main effects and five cropping systems (sole sesame, sole cowpea, 50:50 sesame-cowpea intercropping, 75:25 sesame-cowpea intercropping and 25:75 sesame-cowpea intercropping) as subplot effects were carried out to study the influence of fertilizer systems application on productivity in intercrops and monocultures. Intercropping of 50:50 sesame-cowpea compared to monoculture plots was highly productive in terms of land equivalent ratio (1.03), area time equivalent ratio (1.04) and land use efficiency (155%). Across fertilizer systems, the greater values of land equivalent ratio (1.24), area time equivalent ratio (1.25) and land use efficiency (186%) were obtained from 30 kg ha-1 N + 50 kg ha-1 P + 150 kg ha-1 Bio-organic. The results indicate that fertilizer application rate of 30 kg ha-1 N + 50 kg ha-1 P + 150 kg ha-1 Bio-organic and intercropping of 50:50 sesame-cowpea could be an effective pathway in raising of productivity toward sustainable agriculture through maximum exploitation of the biological potential for efficient acquisition of P, N and other resources.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

نقش مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک بر قابلیت تولید کنجد و لوبیا چشم بلبلی تحت شرایط سیستم‌های مختلف کاشت

Authors [Persian]

  • جاسم امینی فر 1
  • محمود رمرودی 1
  • محمد گلوی 1
  • غلامرضا محسن‌آبادی 2
1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ج. ا. ایران.
2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ج. ا. ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده-  کاهش باروری زمین‌های کشاورزی مرتبط با کاهش مواد آلی خاک و عناصر غذایی، موضوعی مهم در سیستم‌های تک‌کشتی می‌باشد. سیستم مخلوط کنجد و لوبیا چشم بلبلی و مدیریت حاصلخیزی خاک می‌تواند کمک به افزایش باروری زمین و همچنین حفظ مواد آلی و عناصر غذای خاک، کند. در همین راستا آزمایشی با مقادیر مختلف کود (60 کیلوگرم نیتروژن+100کیلوگرم فسفر، 300 کیلوگرم کود آلی بیوارگانیک، 3 کیلوگرم کود زیستی بیومیک، 30 کیلوگرم نیتروژن+50 کیلوگرم فسفر+150 کیلوگرم کود آلی بیوارگانیک، 30 کیلوگرم نیتروژن+50 کیلوگرم فسفر+3 کیلوگرم کود زیستی بیومیک) به عنوان عامل اصلی و سیستم‌های کاشت (کنجد، لوبیا چشم بلبلی، 50:50 کنجد-لوبیاچشم بلبلی، 25:75 کنجد-لوبیا چشم بلبلی، 75:25 کنجد-لوبیا چشم بلبلی) به عنوان عامل فرعی به منظور بررسی اثر سیستم‌های کودی بر قابلیت تولید کشت مخلوط و تک‌کشتی، انجام شد. کشت مخلوط 50:50 کنجد-لوبیا چشم بلبلی در مقایسه با تک کشتی‌ها از نظر شاخص‌های نسبت برابری زمین (03/1)، نسبت برابری زمان زمین (04/1) و کارایی استفاده از زمین (155%)، از سودمندی بالاتری برخوردار بودند. در بین سیستم‌های کودی نیز بالاترین مقادیر نسبت برابری زمین (24/1)،  نسبت برابری زمان زمین (25/1) و کارایی استفاده از زمین (186%) متعلق به سیستم کودی 30 کیلوگرم نیتروژن+50 کیلوگرم فسفر+150 کیلوگرم کود آلی بیوارگانیک بود. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد 30 کیلوگرم نیتروژن+50 کیلوگرم فسفر+150 کیلوگرم کود آلی بیوارگانیک و سیستم مخلوط 50:50 کنجد و لوبیا چشم بلبلی می‌تواند رویکردی مؤثر در افزایش بهره‌وری در راستای کشاورزی پایدار از طریق بهره‌گیری از پتانسیل بیولوژیکی برای استفاده نیتروژن و فسفر و دیگر منابع، باشد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • واژه های کلیدی: بهره‌وری کود
  • کشت مخلوط
  • کنجد
  • لوبیا چشم بلبلی

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