اثرات اصلاحی بیوچار بقایای آفتابگردان در کاهش اثرات نامطلوب سرب و کادمیوم بر ماش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ج.ا. ایران.

2 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ج. ا. ایران

3 گروه تولید و مهندسی ژنتیک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

سرب (Pb) و کادمیوم (Cd) از جمله عناصر کمیاب با سمیت بالقوه برای گیاهان هستند. سمیت ناشی از این فلزات آسیب اکسیداتیو را افزایش می دهد، متابولیسم گیاه را مختل می کند و مورفولوژی گیاه را مهار می کند. Biochar (BC)، به عنوان یک اصلاح کننده خاک، می تواند به طور موثر سمیت فلزات سنگین را در خاک های آلوده کاهش دهد. به منظور بررسی اثرات BC حاصل از بقایای آفتابگردان بر کاهش تنش های ناشی از سرب و کادمیوم در ماش (Vigna radiata Wilczek)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. عوامل شامل سرب در سه سطح (0، 100 و 200 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان سرب (NO3)2)، کادمیوم در سه سطح (0، 10 و 20 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم خاک به عنوان کادمیوم (NO3)2) بود. و BC در سه سطح (0، 1 و 3 درصد وزنی). نتایج نشان داد که تنش‌های ناشی از سرب و کادمیوم باعث کاهش تمامی ویژگی‌های رشدی مانند وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه و تعداد گره‌های فعال ریشه می‌شود. حداکثر قندهای محلول (0/46 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) و محتوای پرولین (44/7 میکرومول در گرم در لیتر) در تیمار 200 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم سرب و 20 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم کادمیوم بدون BC مشاهده شد. همچنین کاربرد BC غلظت سرب و کادمیوم در اندام هوایی را به ترتیب 19/1 و 13/8 درصد کاهش داد و تمامی صفات رشدی را افزایش داد. بنابراین، استفاده از BC ساخته شده از بقایای آفتابگردان به عنوان یک روش ساده، موثر و ارزان برای افزایش مقاومت گیاه و کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش‌های سرب و کادمیوم در ماش توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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