تأثیر لندفرم ها و راسته‌های خاک بر توزیع و رفتار برخی عناصر ریزمغذی خاک در تعدادی از دشت های میان‌کوهی جنوب غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

موقعیت‌های مختلف لنداسکیپ، نوع مواد مادری و فرایندهای تشکیل آن و تیپ خاک تأثیر بسـزایی در توزیـع، رفتـار و تحـرک‌پـذیری عناصر ریزمغذی دارند. به منظور بررسی اثر لندفرم ها و راسته های خاک بر توزیع و رفتار عناصر ریز مغذی آهن، منگنز، مس و روی، نمونه‌هایی از افق‌های ژنتیکی 16 پروفیل شاهد در خاکهای آهکی جنوب غرب ایران جمعآوری شدند و غلظت عناصر کم‌مصرف قابل استخراج با دی اتیلن تری آمین پنتا استیک اسید(DTPA) و شکل کل آنها از طریق هضم در اسید نیتریک غلیظ تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد دامنه تغییرات در شکل قابل استفاده عناصر ریز مغذی برای آهن 2/5 تا 3/2، برای مس 0/3 تا 3، برای منگنز 2/1 تا 60/2 و برای روی ضفر تا 3/8 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم  متغیر بود. بررسی شکل­های شیمیایی عناصر ریز مغذی در نمونه‌های سطحی و زیر سطحی خاک­های مورد مطالعه نشان از برتری کمّی اغلب شکل‌های شیمیایی عناصر ریز مغذی مورد مطالعه در نمونه‌های سطحی نسبت به نمونه های زیرسطحی داشت. نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که  مقادیر عناصر ریزمغذی موجود تا حد زیادی به مقدار کربن آلی، بافت خاک و نوع و میزان کانی­های رس بستگی دارد. بیشترین مقدار  شکل قابل استفاده عناصر ریزمغذی در خاک‌های راسته های مالی‌سول و آلفی سول وجود داشت. بیشترین میزان آهن، روی و مس قابل استفاده در واحدهای اراضی پست و بیشترین مقدار منگنز درواحد اراضی یا لندفرم دشت دامنه‌ای مشاهده شد. بنابراین می‌توان گفت درجه متفاوت تکامل خاک از طریق تاثیر بر ویژگی‌های خاک، چرخه عناصر ریزمغذی را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد.

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