برهمکنش بیوچار کاه و کلش گندم با آب آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری برای بهبود راندمان مصرف آب و محصول باقلا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران

2 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران و مرکز تحقیقات خشکسالی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران

3 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران و مرکز تحقیقات خشکسالی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج.ا. ایران

4 بخش آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده علوم فنی، دانشگاه آرهوس، دانمارک

چکیده

باقلا با وجود اینکه به طور گسترده کشت می‌شود، میزان محصول آن تحت تأثیر تنش‌های خشکی و شوری قرار دارد. بیوچار به طور بالقوه می‌تواند اثرات منفی تنش خشکی و شوری را کاهش دهد. در این تحقیق، ارزیابی اثرات متقابل بیوچار، رژیم‌های آب آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری بر عملکرد باقلا، کارایی مصرف آب محصول (CWUE) و غلظت یون در شرایط گلخانه‌ مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تیمارها شامل صفر، 1/25 و 2/5 درصد وزنی بیوچار (بترتیب بعنوان تیمارهای B0، B1.25 و B2.5)، رژیم های آبیاری (50، 75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی محصول، بترتیب بعنوان تیمارهای I50%، I75% و I100%) و شوری آب آبیاری (0/6، 4 و 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، بترتیب بعنوان تیمارهای S0.6، S4 و S8) بود که به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار منظور شدند. کاربرد بیوچار 2/5 درصد وزنی در مقایسه با B0 سبب کاهش 11 درصدی تبخیر- تعرق واقعی شد. حداکثر محصول دانه خشک (14/4 گرم در گلدان) تحت تیمار B2.5S0.6I100% بدست آمد. مقدار CWUE در تیمار B2.5S8I50 0/47کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بدست آمد که 1/27 برابر CWUE در تیمار B0S0.6I100% بود. غلظت سدیم بذر در تیمار B2.5S8I50% (0/34 گرم بر کیلوگرم) به طور معنی داری کمتر از غلظت سدیم بذر در تیمار B0S8I50% (0/55 گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. کاربرد بیوچار تحمل گیاه به شوری را افزایش داد، زیرا حداکثر آستانه هدایت الکتریکی اشباع خاک 5/2 دسی زیمنس بر متر در تیمار B2.5I50% مشاهده شد که بالاتر از 2/5 دسی زیمنس بر متر در تیمار B0I50% بود. در نهایت، کاشت باقلا با کاربرد 2/5 درصد وزنی بیوچار و آبیاری کامل با آب غیر شور برای تولید حداکثری باقلا توصیه می شود.

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