تأثیر طولانی‌مدت تغییر کاربری اراضی از جنگل به زمین زراعی در جهت‌های مختلف شیب بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ج.ا. ایران

2 دانشگاه سایمون فریزر، دانشگاه دکتر برنابی، بریتیش کلمبیا، کانادا

چکیده

تغییر کاربری زمین از جنگل به زمین‌های زراعی ممکن است بر فرآیندها، خواص و عملکرد خاک تأثیر بسزایی داشته باشد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تغییر کاربری طولانی‌مدت از جنگل‌های بکر به زمین‌های زراعی در شیب‌های شمالی و جنوبی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک انجام شد. شش منطقه از ناحیه زاگرس در غرب ایران که روند رشد جنگل به اراضی کشاورزی در دهه‌های اخیر در آن‌ها رخ داده است، برای این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌های مرکب خاک از عمق صفر تا 20 سانتی‌متری در دامنه‌های شمالی و جنوبی جنگل‌های بومی و مناطق زیر کشت مرتبط با آن‌ها جمع‌آوری شدند. بیشترین مقدار رس قابل انتشار و چگالی ظاهری خاک و کمترین پایداری خاکدانه در زمین‌های کشاورزی مشاهده شد. کربن آلی خاک، نیتروژن کل و ذخایر کربن و نیتروژن کل در پاسخ به تغییر کاربری زمین از جنگل به زمین کشاورزی در تمام مناطق مورد مطالعه کاهش یافت. مقادیر بالاتر کربن آلی خاک، نیتروژن کل، نسبتC/N و فسفر قابل دسترس در دامنه‌های شمالی در مقایسه با دامنه‌های جنوبی در برخی از مناطق مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. به‌طورکلی، تبدیل جنگل‌های طبیعی به سیستم‌های کشت کشاورزی منجر به کاهش کیفیت خاک شد. با این حال، شدت زوال در جهت های شیب شمالی و جنوبی تقریباً مشابه بود.

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