بررسی اثرات مالچ‌های غیرزنده و علف‌کش متریبوزین بر علف‌های-هرز تاج‌خروس و سلمه‌تره در مزرعه گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه تولید وژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

چکیده-مطالعه­ای به منظور تعیین اثرات شش نوع مالچ (ارگانیک و غیرارگانیک) و علف­کش متریبوزین بر چرخه رشد رویشی و زایشی علف­های­هرز در مزرعه گوجه­فرنگی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز انجام شد. براساس نتایج تجزیه واریانس، همه صفات موردبررسی گونه­های علف­هرز و همچنین گوجه­فرنگی به طورمعنی­داری درسطح احتمال یک درصد تحت تاثیر تیمارهای اعمال شده قرارگرفتند. طولانی­ترین و کوتاه­ترین زمان ظهور بذرهای علف­هرز تاج خروس (Amaranthusretroflexus) به ترتیب تحت تاثیر تیمارهای مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی (28 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) و مالچ­های ارگانیک و علف­کش متریبوزین (21 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) ثبت شد. مالچ­های پلاستیکی زمان ظهور بذر علف­هرز سلمه­تره (Chenopodium album) را در مقایسه با مالچ­های ارگانیک به میزان 28 درصد به تاخیر انداختند. همچنین، طولانی­ترین زمان ظهور بذر علف­هرز سلمه­تره تحت تاثیر تیمار کوکوپیت (29 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) و کوتاه­ترین زمان ظهور در کرت­های تیمار شده با مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی (5/23 روز پس از انتقال گیاهچه­های گوجه­فرنگی به زمین اصلی) مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، بیشترین مقدار عملکرد قابل فروش گوجه­فرنگی در کرت­های تحت تیمار مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی (21/19 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و کمترین مقدار عملکرد قابل فروش (02/3 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) در کرت­های تیمار شده با خاک­اره ثبت شد. به طور کلی، نتایج آزمایش نشان دادند که مالچ­های پلاستیکی، به­ویژه مالچ پلاستیکی مشکی، می توانند جایگزین­های قابل اطمینانی برای علف­کش متریبوزین به منظور کنترل علف­های­هرز در مزارع گوجه­فرنگی باشند.

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