تأثیر تنش رطوبتی بر پارامترهای رشد و کیفیت علوفه کنگرفرنگی (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ج. ا. ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

چکیده

ک
کنگرفرنگی گیاهی علفی و چند ساله است که می‏تواند بعد از استقرار در سال اول رویش، به خشکی متحمل باشد. برای ارزیابی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب بر رشد و کیفیت علوفه این گیاه، آزمایشی با استفاده از طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در اصفهان طی سال­های 93-1391 انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل 20، 50 و 80 درصد تخلیه رطوبت قابل استفاده در خاک (به ترتیب بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و شدید) بودند. وزن‏تر و خشک گیاه و برخی از خصوصیات کیفی علوفه شامل پروتئین و چربی خام، کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و اسیدی، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، تانن و میزان خاکستر تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای رشدی و کیفیت علوفه تحت تأثیر تنش کمبود آب قرار گرفت. حداکثر وزن تر و خشک گیاه، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و اسیدی، چربی خام و خاکستر در تیمار بدون تنش ثبت شدند که با افزایش شدت تنش به‏ترتیب 67/40، 71/51، 54/6، 23/18، 83/8 و 81/21 درصد کاهش یافتند، در حالی‏که بیشترین میزان پروتئین خام، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب و محتوای تانن در تنش شدید مشاهده شدند. به طور کلی، اگرچه تنش رطوبتی باعث کاهش عملکرد علوفه شد لیکن از طریق افزایش میزان پروتئین خام، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب و کاهش میزان الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و اسیدی و خاکستر نقش مثبتی بر خصوصیات کیفی علوفه کنگرفرنگی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


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