مروری بر تخمین شاخص برداشت در مدل سازی گیاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی آب ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ج. ا. ایران

2 گروه آبیاری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

شاخص برداشت، نسبت محصول دانه به وزن ماده خشک گیاه، یک پارامتر مهم برای تخمین محصول دانه در بسیاری از مدلهای گیاهی است. در این مطالعه، در مورد اهمیت شاخص برداشت، تعریف، متغیر بودن و روشهای تخمین آن در مدل های گیاهی بحث شده است. روش‌های تخمین شاخص برداشت به دو دسته تقسیم‌‌بندی می‌‌گردند. 1) روش‌‌های کامل: روش‌‌هایی که به صورت پویا مقدار شاخص برداشت را از زمان شروع رشد دانه تا رسیدگی کامل تخمین می‌‌زنند. 2) روش‌‌‌های ساده: روش‌‌‌هایی که مقدار شاخص برداشت نهایی را در زمان رسیدگی دانه تخمین  می‌‌‌زنند. شاخص برداشت ویژگی است که تحت تاثیر بسیاری از عوامل محیطی و خصوصیات ژنوتیپ گیاه قرار دارد. رطوبت خاک یا مکش آب خاک در طول فصل رشد، مواد مغذی خاک، عمق آب زیر زمینی، دمای بالای هوا، تراکم گیاهی و شوری آب آبیاری از عوامل محیطی هستند که بر شاخص برداشت گیاه موثر می‌‌‌باشند. بنابراین در همه مدلهایی که از شاخص برداشت جهت تخمین محصول  استفاده   می‌شود – هم مدل های کامل مانند مدل AquaCrop و هم مدل های ساده- با تغییر ژنوتیپ یا رقم، عوامل محیطی و غیر محیطی معادلات تخمین شاخص برداشت می‌بایست واسنجی گردند.

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