پایداری مدیریت محیط زیست در ایران: تحلیل ردّپای اکولوژیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران.

2 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران

3 شبکه جهانی ردپا ، اوکلند، کالیفرنیا، آمریکا

4 گروه مطالعات محیط زیست، دانشگاه سنتا کروز کالیفرنیا، آمریکا

چکیده

چکیده- پایداری و مدیریت محیط زیست به عنوان دو مقوله اصلی، مفاهیم محیط زیست و توسعه را به یکدیگر پیوند می دهند. پایداری منابع طبیعی تحت تأثیر پارادایم فکری افراد و رهیافت های مرتبط با آن بوده و بر آن اساس می توان در مورد رابطه بین انسان و محیط زیست به قضاوت پرداخت. اتخاذ نظام مدیریتی کارآمد در حوزه محیط زیست، زیربنایی ترین اقدام برای کاهش فشار بر منابع می باشد. در مطالعه حاضر تحلیل ردّپای اکولوژیک به عنوان ابزاری مناسب در مدیریت محیط زیست بکار برده شد تا چالش های زیست محیطی ایران مشخص گردیده و راهکارهای سازنده ای برای رفع آن ها معرفی شود. در واقع ردّپای اکولوژیک ابزاری برای محاسبه دقیق میزان مصرف منابع طبیعی بوده و در مدیریت و برنامه ریزی های زیست محیطی کاربردهای سودمندی دارد. هدف اصلی از این مقاله بررسی و تحلیل روند تاریخی ظرفیت زیستی و ردّپای اکولوژیک در دوره زمانی سال های 1341 تا1390     می باشد. طبق یافته های پژوهش میزان ردّپای اکولوژیک ایران در بازه زمانی مورد مطالعه روندی صعودی داشته در حالی که روند ظرفیت زیستی در حال کاهش بوده است. طبق داده های حاصل از محاسبات ظرفیت زیستی و ردّپای اکولوژیک در حوزه کشاورزی، میزان مصرف منابع طبیعی توسط زارعین و سایر کنشگران حوزه کشاورزی بسیار بیشتر از توانایی بازتولید منابع کشور بوده است. شکاف پایداری با توجه به روند افزایش جمعیت و سایر عوامل مرتبط در گذر زمان بزرگ تر شده است. علی رغم تصویب قواعد و قوانین زیست محیطی مختلف طی سال های اخیر در ایران اما پیشرفت چندانی در دستیابی به پایداری مشاهده نمی شود. کمترین اقدام در راستای کاهش فشار بر منابع طبیعی، بازگشت به نقطه سر به سر و حالتی است که میزان ردّپای اکولوژیک برابر با ظرفیت زیستی کشور باشد. در واقع ایران از یک سو به منظور کاهش شکاف سیاستگذاری ها نیازمند اتخاذ سیاست های زیست محیطی کارآمد توسط مقامات عالی کشور بوده و از سوی دیگر نیز تلاش هایی برای انجام فعالیت های اجرایی متناسب به هدف کاهش میزان ردّپای اکولوژیک و شکاف اجرایی ضروری است.

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