تاثیر کاربرد سیلیس بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه ارقام گندم تحت شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران.

چکیده

چکیده- جوانه­زنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه از مراحل حساس در استقرار و تولید عملکرد گیاهان زراعی بویژه در شرایط تنش شوری می­باشند. کاربرد سیلیس می­تواند موجب بهبود جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه گردد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تاثیر پیش تیمار بذر با سیلیس در غلظت­های مختلف (0، 75/0، 5/1 و 25/2 میلی­مولارسیلیکات سدیم) بر جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه دو رقم گندم کویر (مقاوم به شوری) و شیراز (حساس به شوری) در شرایط تنش کلرید سدیم (0، 100 و 150 میلی­مولار) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز  در سال 1391 به اجرا در آمد. نتایج نشان داد که پیش تیمار بذر با سیلیس سبب افزایش درصد جوانه­زنی، سرعت جوانه­زنی، بنیه بذر، طول ریشه­چه و ساقچه و وزن خشک گیاهچه ارقام گندم در هر دو شرایط تنش و عدم تنش شوری گردید و نیز کاهش مدت زمان جوانه­زنی را در هر دو شرایط به همراه داشت. بعلاوه،‏ کاربرد سیلیس موجب افزایش غلظت پتاسیم و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم و نیز کاهش غلظت سدیم گردید و تاثیر غلظت 25/2 میلی مولار سیلیکات سدیم مشهودتر از سایر غلظت­های به کار رفته بود. در مقابل، تنش شوری سبب کاهش صفات اندازه­گیری شده گردید و افزایش مدت زمان جوانه­زنی و غلظت سدیم را در هر دو رقم به همراه داشت. با این حال، رقم مقاوم به شوری (کویر)، در شرایط تنش، سدیم کمتر و نیز پتاسیم بیشتری را در مقایسه با رقم حساس به شوری (شیراز) در خود تجمع داد. اگر چه با افزایش غلظت NaCl (150 میلی مولار) تاثیر منفی شوری بر پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده در هر دو رقم بیشتر بود، با این حال، رقم مقاوم کویر تاثیر کمتری از تنش شوری در مقایسه با رقم حساس شیراز پذیرفت. در مجموع می­توان نتیجه­گیری نمود که پیش تیمار بذر با سیلیس می­تواند سبب بهبود جوانه­زنی شود و نیز از طریق افزایش تجمع پتاسیم و کاهش سدیم سبب رشد و در نتیجه استقرار بهتر گیاهچه­های گندم تحت شرایط تنش شوری گردد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

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