اثر ده سال کشت مستمر زعفران بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

اثر ده سال کشت مستمر زعفران بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک ماسه- رسی- شنی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز ( طول جغرافیایی ʹ 33 ◦52 و عرض جغرافیایی ʹ 36 ◦29) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این مزرعه با رژیم های مختلف آبیاری (100% ، 75% ، 50% تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل زعفران) و تیمار دیم و تحت دو روش آبیاری کرتی و جویچه ای آبیاری می شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر هدایت هیدرولیکی، نسبت جذبی سدیم، آرسنیک، بور و چگالی ظاهری خاک در منطقه ریشه افزایش معنی دار ولی سرعت نفوذ نهایی کاهش معنی داری در مقایسه با خاک بدون کشت داشت. میزان اسیدیته خاک در تیمار 100% تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل و 75 % تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل کاهش و در تیمار 50% تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل و تیمار دیم در مقایسه با خاک بدون کشت افزایش یافت. پداژه ها تحت تیمار با آبیاری زیاد تا سال ششم کشت وزن بالایی داشتند در حالی که بعد از آن وزن پداژه ها به مقدار برابر یا کمتر از سطح آن در تیمار با آبیاری کم، کاهش یافتند. تعداد کل پداژه ها تا سال ششم کشت افزایش و سپس کاهش یافت. بنابراین کشت مستمر زعفران سبب تغییرات نامطلوبی در خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می گردد که بعد از سال ششم کشت خود را نشان می دهد.

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موضوعات


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