تغییرات کیفی و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب کلزا تحت تاثیر کاشت تاخیری و تنش خشکی آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهر قدس، تهران، ج. ا. ایران

2 گروه مهندسی تولیدات گیاهی، واحد حاجی آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، حاجی آباد، هرمزگان، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر کاشت تاخیری و تنش خشکی بر کیفیت روغن و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب هیبریدهای کلزا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال(1393-1395) درموسسه تهیه نهال و بذر کرج، ایران، اجرا شد. تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح شامل کاشت به موقع (5 مهر ماه) و کاشت تأخیری (5 آبان ماه)، آبیاری نیز در دو سطح شامل آبیاری معمول (شاهد) و قطع آبیاری از مرحله خورجیندهی به بعد به عنوان عوامل اصلی و ژنوتیپ های کلزا شامل Kodiak، Traviata،Compass ،Diffusion ، Mehr2،Elvise  وTassilo  به عنوان عوامل فرعی بودند. اثرات ساده تاریخ کاشت، آبیاری و رقم بر تمام صفات آزمایش معنی دار بود. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت×آبیاری بر صفات درصد و عملکرد روغن دانه در سطح 5 درصد، و بر درصد اسیدهای لینولئیک و پالمیتیک، و مقاومت روزنه ای در سطح یک درصد معنی دار گردید. اثر متقابل آبیاری×رقم نیز برمیزان اسید پالمیتیک، گلوکوزینولات و مقاومت روزنه ای تاثیر معنی داری را در سطح یک درصد نشان داد. تنش خشکی آخر فصل و کاشت تاخیری، به میزان چشمگیری عملکرد روغن (58%)، درصد روغن (80%) و ویژگی های کیفی ارقام کلزا را کاهش داد. در بین ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه و با در نظر گرفتن کلیه شرایط این تحقیق، هیبریدTassilo  با میزان بالای عملکرد دانه (4497 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد روغن (2007 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، محتوای کلروفیل (1.43 mg g-1fw)، اسیدهای چرب اولئیک و لینولئیک و داشتن اروسیک اسید (41/. %)  و گلوکوزینولات دانه (22.8 μmol g-1) به میزان استاندارد میتواند در توسعه کشت کلزا در مناطق معتدل سرد با اقلیم خشک و نیمه خشک موثر و قابل توصیه باشد. 

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