عوامل مؤثر بر تشخیص فرصت کارآفرینانه و بهره‌برداری از آن در بخش کشاورزی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

فرآیند کارآفرینانه کشاورزی در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه یکی از موضوعاتی است که در پژوهش‌های کارآفرینی نادیده گرفته شده‌ است. تشخیص فرصت و بهره‌برداری از آن به‌عنوان دو جزء مهم از فرآیند کارآفرینانه، از مهم‌ترین توانایی‌های کارآفرینان موفق محسوب می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر تشخیص فرصت‌های کارآفرینانه و بهره‌برداری از این فرصت‌ها در بخش کشاورزی ایران بود. در این راستا، نمونه‌ای 246 نفری (N=721) از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای متناسب انتخاب شد. داده‌ها با پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد و با استفاده نرم‌افزار R مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. روایی صوری پرسشنامه به‌وسیله اساتید صاحب‌نظر در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز و پایایی آن از طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ در مطالعه‌ای پیشگام مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای مستقل اثر متفاوتی بر روی متغیرهای وابسته دارند. متغیرهای مستقل عبارت از شبکه‌های رسانه‌ای اجتماعی، موفقیت و شکست کسب‌وکارهای قبلی و عدم قطعیت محیطی بر اساس ویژگی‌های بخش کشاورزی مورد ملاحظه قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که شبکه‌های رسانه‌ای اجتماعی اثری مثبت بر تشخیص فرصت و بهره‌برداری از آن دارند. اثر شکست کسب‌وکارهای قبلی بر تشخیص فرصت مثبت بود، درحالی‌که اثر آن بر بهره‌برداری از فرصت معنی‌دار نبود. عدم قطعیت محیطی بر دو متغیر وابسته، اثرهای معکوس داشت؛ اثر آن بر تشخیص فرصت، مثبت و بر بهره‌برداری از فرصت منفی بود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که متغیرهای مستقل ممکن است اثرهای مشابهی بر تشخیص فرصت و بهره‌برداری از آن نداشته باشند.

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