تأثیر مدیریت کود و کاربرد زئولیت بر صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه ارقام ذرت (Zea mays L.) در شرایط کم آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ج. ا. ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب ایران بخش تغذیه، کرج، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

چکیده- ت
تنش خشکی به عنوان مهمترین عامل محدود کننده برای رشد محصولاتی مانند ذرت در نظر گرفته می شود. در شرایط کم آبیاری ، تغذیه مناسب گیاهان می تواند اثر تنش خشکی را بهبود بخشد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر مدیریت تغذیه و مصرف زئولیت بر صفات زراعی دو رقم ذرت در شرایط کم‌آبیاری در سال‌های 1394 و 1395 در موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب ایران به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح آبیاری، آبیاری کامل (I1) و کم‌آبیاری (70% آبیاری کامل ) (I2) بعنوان عامل اصلی و ترکیب فاکتوریل سطوح مصرف کود: به شیوه رایج زارعین منطقه (F1)، شیوه رایج + 10 تن در هکتار زئولیت (F2)، شیوه توصیه شده (F3)، شیوه توصیه شده + 10 تن در هکتار زئولیت (F4) و شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) (F5) و ارقام‌ ذرت: دیررس (704) (H1) و زودرس (فجر=260) (H2) بعنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که کم‌آبیاری بر عملکرد دانه، تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، وزن بلال، تعداد بلال در مترمربع و باروری گل‌ها تاثیر معنی دار داشت و در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری کامل کلیه این صفات کاهش نشان دادند. در شرایط کم آبیاری بیشترین عملکرد دانه ارقام ذرت از تیمار مصرف کود توصیه شده + زئولیت حاصل شد (ارقام 704 و 260 به ترتیب: 3/7934 و 8/7793 کیلوگرم در هکتار) که نسبت به تیمار کودی توصیه شده + زئولیت در شرایط آبیاری کامل (8180 و 9170.29 کیلوگرم در هکتار به ترتیب برای 704 ارقام و 260)  به ترتیب 7 و 15 درصد کاهش داشتند. به طور کلی با مدیریت مناسب کود و مصرف 10 تن در هکتار زئولیت، با صرفه‌جویی 30 درصد در مصرف آب (2100 مترمکعب در هکتار)، می‌توان عملکرد دانه مناسبی از هر دو رقم زودرس و دیر رس ذرت بدست آورد.

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