تأثیر آب آبیاری شور بر کیفیت علوفه کنگرفرنگی (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی،

2 دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

شوری تنش مهم غیرزیستی برای تولید محصولات زراعی در بسیاری از نقاط جهان است. برای ارزیابی تاثیر آبیاری با آب شور بر پارامترهای رشد و کیفیت علوفه کنگرفرنگی، آزمایش مزرعه­ای در قالب طرح بلوک­های کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، ایران طی سال­های 93-1391 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل چهار سطح شوری با آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی 4، 8، 12 و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر بود. وزن ‏تر و خشک گیاه، پروتئین خام، کربوهیدراتهای محلول در آب، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، تانن کل و خاکستر درسال دوم رشد اندازه‏گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که حداکثر وزن ‏تر (51551 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و وزن خشک (9000 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار شوری با آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی  dS.m-14بدست آمد. افزایش سطح شوری باعث کاهش معنی­دار میزان الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی گیاه شد، درحالی‏که میزان خاکستر، پروتئین خام، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و تانن کل افزایش یافت. تیمارهای شوری با آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی  dS.m-112 و 16 بیشترین میزان پروتئین خام و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و کمترین میزان الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی را داشتند. کمترین میزان تانن (g/kg DM 28/2)در تیمار شوری با آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی  dS.m-14 مشاهده شد و بین تیمارهای شوری با آب آبیاری با هدایت الکتریکی dS.m-1 8 و 12 اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد اگرچه با افزایش شوری عملکرد گیاه کاهش یافت لیکن توانست باعث افزایش خصوصیات کیفی علوفه شود.

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