اثر بیوچار تولید شده از کاه و کلش گندم و آب آبیاری بر ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی و شیمیایی در خاک لوم شنی بعد از کشت باقلا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی آب ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

امروزه کاربرد اصلاح کننده‌های خاک یکی از مهمترین راهکارهای سازگاری با کمبود آب و افزایش ویژگی‌های هیدرولیکی خاک می‌باشد. لذا، در یک آزمایش گلخانه‌ای، به بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری و بیوچار بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک لوم شنی بعد از برداشت باقلا پرداخته شد. این آزمایش با پنج سطح بیوچار (صفر، 8، 16، 24 و 32 گرم بر کیلوگرم) و سه سطح آبیاری (100درصد، 75 درصد و 50 درصد نیاز آبی) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. کاهش در میزان آبیاری تا 50% تاثیری بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک نداشت، بجز در مقدار Ks که تحت تیمار آب آبیاری 50% به صورت معنی‌داری نسبت به آبیاری کامل کاهش یافت. در تیمار 32 گرم بر کیلوگرم بیوچار (B32) نسبت به تیمار بدون بیوچار (B0)، مقدار وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی به ترتیب 47 و 27 درصد کاهش یافت، در‌حالی‌که سبب افزایش تخلخل خاک و Ks خاک گردید. در تیمار B32، مقدار هدایت الکتریکی اشباع 6/5 برابر و مقدار ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی و نسبت جذبی سدیم (SAR) به ترتیب 3/40 و 6/53 درصد در مقایسه با B0 افزایش یافت، که این مساله سبب شور شدن (ECe>4 dS/m) و غیر سدیمی شدن (SAR-1)1/2) خاک گردید. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که هرچند سطح بیوچار 24 گرم بر کیلوگرم افزایش قابل ملاحظه‌ای در میزان ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک در مقایسه با B0 نداشت، اما سبب بهبود معنی‌دار ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک گردید و در نتیجه می‌توان از این سطح بیوچار به عنوان اصلاح کننده خاک استفاده نمود.

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