بررسی اثر مایه‌‌زنی میکوریزی بر جذب سرب و رشد گیاه یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) در خاک آلوده به سرب

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ج. ا. ایران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ج. ا. ایران

3 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ج. ا. ایران

4 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

استقرار همزیستی میکوریز آربوسکولار در ریشه می­تواند ویژگی­های ریخت­شناسی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد و ممکن است سبب القا مقاومت در گیاهان رشد یافته در خاک­های آلوده به فلزات سنگین گردد و متعاقباً نقش مهمی در گیاه پالایی ایفا نماید. در مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر همزیستی میکوریزی بر رشد گیاه یونجه و جذب سرب، آزمایشی با دو فاکتور شامل (1) گیاهان بدون مایه­زنی میکوریزی (NM) و گیاهان مایه­زنی شده با دو گونه قارچ میکوریزی Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) یا Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) و (2) خاک غیر آلوده (Pb0) یا آلوده شده با سطوح 200 (Pb1)، 400 (Pb2) و 600 (Pb3) میلی­گرم سرب بر کیلوگرم خاک طراحی شد. همه گیاهان بطور یکنواخت با باکتری Sinorhizobium meliloti مایه‌‌زنی گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که در سطوح بالای سرب مایه‌‌زنی با هر دو گونه قارچی گره­بندی در ریشه­ها و تغذیه فسفر را در مقایسه با گیاهان بدون مایه‌‌زنی افزایش داد. همچنین وزن خشک بخش هوایی، سطح برگ و شاخص کلروفیل گیاهان مایه‌‌زنی شده با  Ri و Fm بطور معنی­داری در مقایسه با گیاهان NM بیشتر بود. وابستگی میکوریزیدر سطح Pb3 به میزان سه و چهار برابر به ترتیب در گیاهان Ri و Fm در مقایسه با شرایط بدون آلودگی بطور معنی‌‌دار (p <0.05) افزایش نشان داد. همچنین انتقال سرباز ریشه به بخش هوایی به طور معنی­داری(p <0.05) به میزان 75/1 برابر در گیاهان Ri در سطح Pb3 کاهشیافت. مقایسه نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مؤلفه­های اصلینشان داد که همزیستیR. intraradices برای حفاظت از گیاه میزبان در برابر اثر سمی سرب مؤثرتر بود. این نتایج نقش مهم قارچ­های AM در حفاظت از گیاهان در برابر سمیت فلزات و استقرار گیاه در خاک­های آلوده به سرب را نشان می­دهد. 

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