اثر دما و تراکم اینوکلوم بر شدت بیماری زایی Phytophthora parsiana

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

چکیده-در این مطالعه، اثرات غلظت های مختلف مایه و دماهای مختلف، بر شدت بیماری زایی گونهPhytophthora parsiana  روی بادام مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور بذور بادام (ارقام ربیع و کاغذی)در ورمی کولیت مرطوب در دمای°C4 به مدت 45 روز نگهداری شد. بذور جوانه زده در گلدان های حاوی خاک ماسه به نسبت 1:2 کشت داده شد و در گلخانه در دمای °C 25-18 تا رشد کامل نگهداری شدند. یک ماه پس از رشد، نهال ­ها به اتاقک های رشد با دماهای 15، 18، 20، 25، 30 و °C 32 منتقل و گلدان ها به دو روش، با ریختن عصاره شاهدانه– ورمی کولیت حاوی بلوک های کشت بیمارگر در پای طوقه و یا با غلظت های مختلف زئوسپور شامل 103، 104، 105 و 106 اسپور در میلی لیتر به روشroot dip مایه زنی شدند. نتایج نشان داد افزایش دما و تراکم مایه و برهمکنش آنها  به طور معنی داری بر مرگ و میر دانهال ها تاثیر دارد .  دامنه دمایی°C32-30  سبب مرگ و میر 100 درصدی دانهال های بادام شد، در حالیکه در دامنه دمایی ºC 20-15، هیچگونه مرگ و میر دانهال های بادام مشاهده نگردید. با افزایش دما از 20 به °C30 و افزایش غلظت زئوسپور از 103 به 106 در میلی لیتر، وقوع بیماری به طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. دماهای بالا و مقدار مایه بالاتر 106در میلی لیتر سبب کاهش معنی دار وزن تر و خشک ریشه و نیز درصد آلودگی ریشه‌های فرعی، اصلی و طوقه  گردید.

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