تاثیرترکیب درصدهای مختلف تفاله انارخنثی شده و خنثی نشده باکود گاوی بر ویژگی‌های کرم‌های Eisenia Fetida و ورمی-کمپوست

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ج. ا. ایران

2 گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ج. ا. ایران

چکیده

چکیده- با تولید ورمی­ کمپوست از تفاله انار حاصل از کارخانجات علاوه برجلوگیری از آلودگی محیط ‌زیست می­توان باعث ایجاد اشتغال، تولید با ارزش افزوده و مانع از هدرروی انرژی وسرمایه کشور شد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی طراحی و اجرا شد. فاکتور اول (a) در دو سطح شامل تفاله انارخنثی شده با آهک و خنثی نشده بود. فاکتور دوم (b) بسترهای ورمی­ کمپوست­ سازی که شامل 9 سطح ترکیب تفاله انار (با سطوح 0، 5، 10، 15، 20، 25، 30، 35، 40 درصد) وکود گاوی بود، که درسه تکرار مجموعا 54 واحد آزمایشی را تشکیل دادند. کرم­های خاکی مورد استفاده دراین آزمایش از نوع Eisenia fetida بود. درطول آزمایش رطوبت بسترها روزانه به صورت وزنی در 70 درصد ودمای اتاقک رشد نیز در C˚ 2±25 تنظیم شد. به­ طورکلی نتایج نشان دادکه با افزایش درصد تفاله انار بسترجمعیت کرم­های نوزاد و پیله کرم­های Eisenia fetida کاهش یافت ولی بیشترین جمعیت و زیست توده کرم­های بالغ درسطح 25 درصد تفاله انار مشاهده شد. همچنین با افزایش درصد تفاله انار بستر، درصد کربن آلی و نسبت C/N ورمی­ کمپوست افزایش یافت. بیشترین درصد ازت ورمی­ کمپوست نیز در سطح 25 درصد تفاله انار مشاهده شد. تفاله انارخنثی شده نسبت به خنثی نشده نیز در اغلب موارد باعث بهبود صفات اندازه­ گیری شده درکرم­ها و ورمی­ کمپوست­ های تولید شده گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Antoun, N., & Tsimidou, M. (1997). Gourmet olive oils: stability and consumer acceptability studies. Food Research International, 30, 131-136.
Aquino, A.M., Almeida, D.E., Freire, D.L., & Polli, H.D.E. (1994). Earthworms (Oligochaeta) reproduction in manure and sugarcane bagasse. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileria, 29, 161-168.
Atiyeh, R.M., Dominguez, J., Subler, S., & Edwards, C.A. (2000). Changes in biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Bouché) and the effects on seedling growth. Pedobiologia, 44, 709-724.‏
Banu, J.R., Esakkiraj, S. Nagendran, R., & Logakanthi, S. (2005). Logakanthi: Biomanagement of petrochemical sludge using an exotic earthworm Eudrilus eugineae. Journal of Environmental Biology, 26, 43-47.
Bartha, R., & Pramer, D. (1965). Features of a flask and method for measuring the persistence and biological effects of pesticides in soil. Soil Science, 100, 68-70.‏
Chauhan, H.K., & Singh, K. (2013). Effect of tertiary combinations of animal dung with agrowastes on the growth and development of earthworm Eisenia fetida during organic waste management. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2, 1-7.
Ebadi, L., Gerami, A., & Sami, K. (2006).  To study growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida earthworms and breeding grounds of various industrial and agricultural waste. Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture, 76, 165-170.
Edwards, C.A. (1988). Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. In Edwards, C.A., and Neuhauser, E.F. (Eds.), Earthworms in waste and environmental management (pp. 21–31). SPB Academic Publishing: Hague.
Edwards, C.A. (2004). Earthworm ecology (Ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.‏ FI.
Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q., & Sherman, R.L. (2010). Vermiculture technology: earthworms, organic wastes, and environmental management. Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor and Francis 5 Group.
Edwards, C.A., Dominguez, J., & Neuhauser, E.F. (1998). Growth and reproduction of Perionyx excavatus (Per.) (Megascolecidae) as factors in organic waste management. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 27, 155-161.
Farhoosh, R. (2003). Extraction, purification and identification of major factions of Nowruzak’s leaf antioxidant and its characteristics. Ph.D dissertation in Food Science and Technology Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)
Garcia, M.C., Suarez Estrella, F., Lopez, M.J., & Moreno, J. (2010). Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials. Waste Management, 30, 771-778.
Garg, Y.K., Yadav, A., Shaoran, S., Chand. S., & Kashik. P. (2006). Livestock excreta management through vermicompost using an epigeic earthworm Eisenia Fetida. Springer Science Environmentalist, 26, 269-276.
Gu, L., & Weng, X. (2001). Antioxidant activity and components of Salvia Plebeia R.Br. a Chinese herb. Food Chemistry, 73, 299-305.
Kaplan, D., Hartenstein, R., Neuhauser, E., & Malecki, M. (1980). Physicochemical requirements in the environment of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 12, 347-352.
Kaya, A., Tekin, A.R., & Oner, M.D. (1993). Oxidative stability of sunflower and olive oils: comparison between a modified active oxygen method and long term storage. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, 26, 464-468.
Loehr, R., Neuhauser, E., & Malecki, M. (1985). Factors affecting the vermistabilization process- Temperature, moisture content and polyculture. Water Research, 19, 1311-1317.
Loh. T.C., Lee. Y.C., Liang. I.B., & Tan. D. (2005). Vermicomposting of cattle and goat manures by Eisenia fetida and their growth and reproduction performance. Bioresource Technology, 96, 111-114.
Manyuchi, M.M., Phiri, A., Muredzi, P., & Chirinda, N. (2013). Effect of drying on vermicompost macronutrient composition. International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences, 1(10), 1-3.‏
Mirjalili, A. (2003). Recognition of pomegranate (1sted.). Agricultural Education Press.
Mohamed, H.M.A., & Awatif, I.I. (1998). The use of sesame oil unsaponifiable matter as a natural antioxidant. Food Chemistry, 62, 269-276.
MohdZin, Z., & Abdul Hamid, A. (2002). Ant oxidative activity of extracts from Mengkuda (Morinda citrifoloa L.) root, fruit and leaf. Food Chemistry, 78, 227-231.
Mousavi, F., & Raeesi, F. (2009). The role of organic materials in maintaining and proliferation of Lumbricus earthworms’ population in arid and semi-arid territory of Iran. Fourth Regional Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (pp. 123-127). (In Persian)
Munroe, G. (2007). Manual of on-farm vermicomposting and vermiculture. Publication of Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada.
Musaida, M., Manyuchi, G., Mphiri, I., chrinda, N., Muredzi, P.J., & sengudzwa, T. (2012). Vermicomposting of waste corn pulp blended with cow dung manure using Eisenia Fetida. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 68, 1306-1309.
Ndegwa, P.M., Thompson, S.A., & Das, K.C. (2000). Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids. Bioresource Technology, 71, 5-12.
Onur, C., Pekmezci, M., Tibet, H., Erkan, M., & Kuzu, S. (1995). Investigations on pomegranate storage. 2nd National Horticulture Congress (pp. 696-700). Adana, Turkey. Cukurova University.
Prakash, M., & Karmegam N. (2010). Dynamics of nutrients and micro flora during vermicomposting of mango leaf litter (Mangiferaindica) using Perionyxceylanensis. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 10, 339-353.
Pramanik, P., Ghosh, G.K., Ghosal, P.K., & Banik, P. (2007). Changes in organic-C, N, P and K and enzyme activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic waste under liming and microbial inoculants. Bioresource Technology, 98, 2485-2494.
Richard, T., Trautmann, N., Krasny, M., Fradenburg, S., & Stuart, C. (2009). Cornell Composting, Cornell Waste Management Institute. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Bradfield Hall, Cornell University. http://compost.css.cornell.edu/index.html.
Sangwan, P., Kaushik, C.P., & Garg, V.K. (2010). Vermicomposting of sugar industry waste (press mud) mixed with cow dung employing an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Waste Management & Research, 28, 71-75.‏
Shayanfar, H. (2012). Vermicomposting at a glance. Agriculture and Natural Resources Engineering Organization of Tehran Province. (In Persian)
Siddique, J., Amirkhan, A., Hussain, I., & Akhtar, S.H. (2005). Growth and reproduction of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in different organic media. Department of Zoology, University of Arid Agriculture, 37, 211-214.
Singh, K., Nath, G., Rai, R., & Shukla, R.C. (2013). Food Preference of Eiseniafoetida among Different Combinations of Animal Dung and Agro/ Kitchen Wastes. Botony Research Internatuional, 6, 23-26.‏
Sitre, S.R. (2014). Utilization of Eisenia fetida in vermicompost production at rural level using organic waste of plant origin. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 4, 227-231.‏
Suthar, S. (2009). Vermicomposting of vegetable-market solid waste using Eisenia fetida: Impact of bulking material on earthworm growth and decomposition rate. Ecological Engineering, 35, 914-920.
Viel, M., Sayag, D., Peyre, A., & André, L. (1987). Optimization of in-vessel co-composting through heat recovery. Biological Wastes, 20, 167-185.
Wood, M. (1998). Soil Biology: Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary (1sted.). Springer US: Blackie and Son Ltd.
Yadav, A., & Garg, V.K. (2010). Bioconversion of Food Industry Sludge into value-added product (vermicompost) using epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 7, 225-238.