اثر شوری و کم آبیاری بر جذب برخی عناصر توسط کلزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

1 بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ج. ا. ایران

2 دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

در این تحقیق اثرات کم آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری و روش کاشت (داخل جویچه و روی پشته) بر جذب یون های سمی و مغذی توسط کلزا در یک آزمایش دو ساله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کم آبیاری موجب کاهش جذب پتاسیم، کلسیم، سدیم و کلر توسط گیاه گردید و به استثناء پتاسیم جذب این عناصر تحت تاثیر شوری آب و خاک افزایش یافت. کاهش مقدار آب آبیاری موجب کاهش حد آستانه کاهش عملکرد در اثر جذب سدیم گردید. کم آبیاری اثر معنی داری بر شیب خط رابطه بین غلظت کلر در گیاه و غلظت کلر در خاک داشته است. در تیمار آبیاری کامل، حد آستانه غلظت کلر در گیاه برای کاهش عملکرد در دو روش کاشت تفاوت معنی داری با یکدیگر داشته است بطوری که کاهش عملکرد دانه در روش کاشت داخل جویچه در مقایسه با کاشت روی پشته در غلظت بیشتری از کلر در گیاه اتفاق افتاده است. حد آستانه کاهش عملکرد در اثر غلظت کلر در گیاه با کاهش مقدار آب آبیاری کاهش یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Ashraf, M., & McNeilly, T. (2004). Salinity tolerance in Brassica oilseeds. Critical Reviews in Plant Science, 23(2),157-174.
Ashraf, M. , Afzal, M., Ahmad, R., Maqsood, M.A., Shahzad, S.M., Tahir, M.A., Akhtar, N., & Aziz, A. (2012). Growth response of the salt-sensitive and the salt-tolerant sugarcane genotypes to potassium nutrition under salt stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 58(4), 385-398.
Borg, H., & Grimes., D.W. (1986). Depth development of roots with time: An empirical description. Trans of ASAE, 29, 194-197.
Bybordi, A. (2010). Effects of salinity and N on the growth, photosynthesis and N status of canola (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2(2), 92-97.
Chapman, H.D., & Pratt, P.F. (1961). Methods of Analysis for Soil, Plants and Water. Berkeley, California: University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences.
Dong, H., Li, W., Tang, W., & Zhang. D. (2010). Furrow seeding with plastic mulching increases stand establishment and lint yield of cotton in a saline field. Agronomy Journal, 100(6), 1640-1646.
Enferad, A., Poustini, K., Majnoon Hosseini, N., & Khajeh-Ahmad Attari, A.A. (2004). Physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties to salinity stress in vegetative growth phase. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 7,103-113 (In Persian).
Francois, L.E. (1994). Growth, seed yield and oil content of canola growth under saline conditions. Agronomy Journal, 86, 233-237.
Gutierrez Boem, F.H., & Thomas, G.W. (1999). Phosphorus nutrition and water deficits in field grown soybeans. Plant and Soil, 207, 87-96.
Ilyas, M., Ibrahim, M., Siddique, T., & Ishagh, M. (2001). Effect of soil water potential on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat at different fertilizer rate. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science, 20, 19-24.
Iqbal, M.A., Ul Hassan, A., & Aziz., T. (2006). Effect of mulch, irrigation and soil type on nutrient uptake of forage maize. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 43, 13-16.
Jones, J.B. (2001). Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. U. S.: CRC Press.
Kalra,Y.P. (1998). Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. Washington, DC.: CRC Press.
Li, Q.Q., Zhou, X.B., Chen, Y.H., & Yu, S.L. (2010). Seed yield and quality of winter wheat in different planting patterns under deficit irrigation regimes. Plant, Soil and Environment, 56, 482-487.
Marschner, H. (1986). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. London: Academic Press.
Moradshahi, A., Salehi Eskandari, B., & Kholdebarin, B. (2004). Some physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus L.) to water deficit stress under laboratory conditions. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction A, 28, 43-49.
Parida, A.K., & Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 324-349.
Porcelli, C.A., Gutierrez Boem, F.H., & Lavado, R.S. (1995). The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios and rapeseed yield under soil salinity or sodicity. Plant and Soil, 175 (2), 251-255.
Rajpar, I., Khanif, Y.M., Soomro, F.M., & Suthar, J.K. (2006). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth and yield of Inqlab wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 1(1), 34-40.
Rameeh, V., Cherati, A., & Abbaszadeh, F. (2012). Relationship between seed yield and shoot ions at vegetative and reproductive storage of rapeseed genotypes under saline environment. International Journal of Plant Research, 2(3), 61-64.
Rameeh, V., Rezai, A., & Saeidi, G. (2004). Study of salinity tolerance in rapeseed. Communications in Soil and Plant Analysis, 35, 2849-2866.
Razzaque, M.A., Abdul Baset Mia, M., Talukder, N.M., Hakim, M.A., & Dutta, R.K. (2011). Adjustment of mineral ratio and composition in rice genotypes under varied salinity regimes. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57(3), 251-259.
Rouphael,Y., Cardarelli, M., & Colla, G. (2008). Yield, mineral composition, water relations and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation. Horticultural Science, 43(3), 730-736.
Sepaskhah, A.R., & Tafteh, A. (2012). Yield and nitrogen leaching in rapeseed field under different nitrogen rates and water saving irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 112, 55-62.
Shabani, A., Sepaskhah, A.R., & KamkarHaghighi, A.A. (2013a). Responses of agronomic components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as influenced by deficit irrigation, water salinity and planting method. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(2), 313-340.
Shabani, A., Sepaskhah, A.R., & KamkarHaghighi, A.A. (2013b). Growth and physiologic response of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to deficit irrigation, water salinity and planting method. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(3), 569-596.
Soltani Gerdefaramarzi, S., Mousavi, S.F., & Mostafazadeh Fard, B. (2009). Effects of PRD on nutrient content, dry matter, harvest index and root distribution in canola (Brassica napus L.) under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 1(3), 81-89.
Tafteh, A., & Sepaskhah, A.R. (2012). Yield and nitrogen leaching in maize field under different nitrogen rates and partial root drying irrigation. International Journal of Plant Production, 6 (1), 93-114.
Tuncturk, M., Tuncturk, R., Yildirim, B., & Ciftci, V. (2011). Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient composition of some canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(10), 1827-1832.
USDA. (1954). Diagnoses and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agric. Handbook No. 60. USSL, Riverside, CA, USA.
Waling, I., VanVark, W., Houba, V.J.G., & Van DerLee, J.J. (1989). Soil and Plant Analysis, a Series of Syllabi. In: Plant analysis procedures; Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Agricultural University.
Zhang, J., Sun, J., Duan, A., Wang, J., Shen, X., & Liu, X. (2007). Effects of different planting patterns on water use and yield performance of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China . Agricultural Water Management, 92, 41-47.