<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3542</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3542_d78a413c8207565f1b503803643c671a.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Water Engineering</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>اثر شوری و کم آبیاری بر جذب برخی عناصر توسط کلزا</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>شعبانی</surname>
			            <given-names>علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فسا، فسا، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>سپاسخواه</surname>
			            <given-names>علیرضا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>کامگار حقیقی</surname>
			            <given-names>علی اکبر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>1</fpage>
			      <lpage>14</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>20</day>
			          <month>04</month>
			          <year>2013</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>05</day>
			          <month>02</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3542.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3542.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>در این تحقیق اثرات کم آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری و روش کاشت (داخل جویچه و روی پشته) بر جذب یون های سمی و مغذی توسط کلزا در یک آزمایش دو ساله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کم آبیاری موجب کاهش جذب پتاسیم، کلسیم، سدیم و کلر توسط گیاه گردید و به استثناء پتاسیم جذب این عناصر تحت تاثیر شوری آب و خاک افزایش یافت. کاهش مقدار آب آبیاری موجب کاهش حد آستانه کاهش عملکرد در اثر جذب سدیم گردید. کم آبیاری اثر معنی داری بر شیب خط رابطه بین غلظت کلر در گیاه و غلظت کلر در خاک داشته است. در تیمار آبیاری کامل، حد آستانه غلظت کلر در گیاه برای کاهش عملکرد در دو روش کاشت تفاوت معنی داری با یکدیگر داشته است بطوری که کاهش عملکرد دانه در روش کاشت داخل جویچه در مقایسه با کاشت روی پشته در غلظت بیشتری از کلر در گیاه اتفاق افتاده است. حد آستانه کاهش عملکرد در اثر غلظت کلر در گیاه با کاهش مقدار آب آبیاری کاهش یافته است.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>کم آبیاری</kwd>
						<kwd>شوری آب آبیاری</kwd>
						<kwd>روش کاشت</kwd>
						<kwd>کلزا</kwd>
						<kwd>شوری</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Ashraf, M., &amp; McNeilly, T. (2004). Salinity tolerance in Brassica oilseeds. Critical Reviews in Plant Science, 23(2),157-174.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Ashraf, M. , Afzal, M., Ahmad, R., Maqsood, M.A., Shahzad, S.M., Tahir, M.A., Akhtar, N., &amp; Aziz, A. (2012). Growth response of the salt-sensitive and the salt-tolerant sugarcane genotypes to potassium nutrition under salt stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 58(4), 385-398.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Borg, H., &amp; Grimes., D.W. (1986). Depth development of roots with time: An empirical description. Trans of ASAE, 29, 194-197.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Bybordi, A. (2010). Effects of salinity and N on the growth, photosynthesis and N status of canola (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2(2), 92-97.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Chapman, H.D., &amp; Pratt, P.F. (1961). Methods of Analysis for Soil, Plants and Water. Berkeley, California: University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Dong, H., Li, W., Tang, W., &amp; Zhang. D. (2010). Furrow seeding with plastic mulching increases stand establishment and lint yield of cotton in a saline field. Agronomy Journal, 100(6), 1640-1646.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Enferad, A., Poustini, K., Majnoon Hosseini, N., &amp; Khajeh-Ahmad Attari, A.A. (2004). Physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties to salinity stress in vegetative growth phase. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 7,103-113 (In Persian).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Francois, L.E. (1994). Growth, seed yield and oil content of canola growth under saline conditions. Agronomy Journal, 86, 233-237.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Gutierrez Boem, F.H., &amp; Thomas, G.W. (1999). Phosphorus nutrition and water deficits in field grown soybeans. Plant and Soil, 207, 87-96.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Ilyas, M., Ibrahim, M., Siddique, T., &amp; Ishagh, M. (2001). Effect of soil water potential on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat at different fertilizer rate. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science, 20, 19-24.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Iqbal, M.A., Ul Hassan, A., &amp; Aziz., T. (2006). Effect of mulch, irrigation and soil type on nutrient uptake of forage maize. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 43, 13-16.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Jones, J.B. (2001). Laboratory Guide for Conducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis. U. S.: CRC Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Kalra,Y.P. (1998). Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. Washington, DC.: CRC Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Li, Q.Q., Zhou, X.B., Chen, Y.H., &amp; Yu, S.L. (2010). Seed yield and quality of winter wheat in different planting patterns under deficit irrigation regimes. Plant, Soil and Environment, 56, 482-487.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Marschner, H. (1986). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. London: Academic Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Moradshahi, A., Salehi Eskandari, B., &amp; Kholdebarin, B. (2004). Some physiological responses of canola (Brassica napus L.) to water deficit stress under laboratory conditions. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction A, 28, 43-49.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Parida, A.K., &amp; Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 324-349.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Porcelli, C.A., Gutierrez Boem, F.H., &amp; Lavado, R.S. (1995). The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios and rapeseed yield under soil salinity or sodicity. Plant and Soil, 175 (2), 251-255.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Rajpar, I., Khanif, Y.M., Soomro, F.M., &amp; Suthar, J.K. (2006). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth and yield of Inqlab wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 1(1), 34-40.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Rameeh, V., Cherati, A., &amp; Abbaszadeh, F. (2012). Relationship between seed yield and shoot ions at vegetative and reproductive storage of rapeseed genotypes under saline environment. International Journal of Plant Research, 2(3), 61-64.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Rameeh, V., Rezai, A., &amp; Saeidi, G. (2004). Study of salinity tolerance in rapeseed. Communications in Soil and Plant Analysis, 35, 2849-2866.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Razzaque, M.A., Abdul Baset Mia, M., Talukder, N.M., Hakim, M.A., &amp; Dutta, R.K. (2011). Adjustment of mineral ratio and composition in rice genotypes under varied salinity regimes. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57(3), 251-259.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Rouphael,Y., Cardarelli, M., &amp; Colla, G. (2008). Yield, mineral composition, water relations and water use efficiency of grafted mini-watermelon plants under deficit irrigation. Horticultural Science, 43(3), 730-736.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; Tafteh, A. (2012). Yield and nitrogen leaching in rapeseed field under different nitrogen rates and water saving irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 112, 55-62.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Shabani, A., Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; KamkarHaghighi, A.A. (2013a). Responses of agronomic components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as influenced by deficit irrigation, water salinity and planting method. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(2), 313-340.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Shabani, A., Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; KamkarHaghighi, A.A. (2013b). Growth and physiologic response of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to deficit irrigation, water salinity and planting method. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(3), 569-596.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Soltani Gerdefaramarzi, S., Mousavi, S.F., &amp; Mostafazadeh Fard, B. (2009). Effects of PRD on nutrient content, dry matter, harvest index and root distribution in canola (Brassica napus L.) under greenhouse conditions. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 1(3), 81-89.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Tafteh, A., &amp; Sepaskhah, A.R. (2012). Yield and nitrogen leaching in maize field under different nitrogen rates and partial root drying irrigation. International Journal of Plant Production, 6 (1), 93-114.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Tuncturk, M., Tuncturk, R., Yildirim, B., &amp; Ciftci, V. (2011). Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient composition of some canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(10), 1827-1832.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>USDA. (1954). Diagnoses and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agric. Handbook No. 60. USSL, Riverside, CA, USA.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Waling, I., VanVark, W., Houba, V.J.G., &amp; Van DerLee, J.J. (1989). Soil and Plant Analysis, a Series of Syllabi. In: Plant analysis procedures; Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Agricultural University.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Zhang, J., Sun, J., Duan, A., Wang, J., Shen, X., &amp; Liu, X. (2007). Effects of different planting patterns on water use and yield performance of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China . Agricultural Water Management, 92, 41-47.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3423</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3423_298fa4da48ce9e9bef8bc678a1d333be.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Plant Protection</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مقایسه هفت روش پرورش تریپس غربی گل
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Frankliniella occidentalis</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مرتضوی</surname>
			            <given-names>نسیمه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>آل عصفور</surname>
			            <given-names>مریم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>بخش گیاهپزشکی،  دانشکده کشاورزی،  دانشگاه شیراز ، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مینایی</surname>
			            <given-names>کامبیز</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>15</fpage>
			      <lpage>20</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>15</day>
			          <month>07</month>
			          <year>2013</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>05</day>
			          <month>02</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3423.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3423.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- گونه­ی Frankliniella occidentalis یاتریپس غربی گل، یک آفت بسیار پلی فاژ و ناقل مهم توسپو ویروس ها به بسیاری از  محصولات زراعی و گیاعان زینتی می باشد. این تریپس انتشار جهانی داشته و به همین دلیل  موضوع بسیاری از مطالعات بیولوژیکی از جمله پرورش انبوه بوده است. در این مطالعه 7 روش رایج پرورش تریپس غربی گل، به تفصیل شرح داده و با یکدیگر مقایسه شده است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، روش استفاده از خیار ایرانی در ظرفهای پلاستیکی با تولید  4122/0 ±15/6 نسل به عنوان بهترین روش انتخاب شد. این روش قادر به تولید نسل های زیاد تریپس بر روی خیار ایرانی با استفاده از کمترین لوازم است.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>Frankliniella occidentalis</kwd>
						<kwd>توسپوویروس</kwd>
						<kwd>پرورش انبوه</kwd>
						<kwd>خیار ایرانی</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Arthurs, S., &amp; Heinz, K. (2002) .In vivo rearing of Thripinema nicklewoodi (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) and prospects as a biological control agent of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanopetra: Thripidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 95, 668-674.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Borbon, C., Gracia, O., &amp; Piccolo, R. (2006). Relationships between Tospovirus Incidence and thrips Population on tomato in Mendoza, Argentina. Journal of Phytopathology, 154, 93-99.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Brodeure, J., &amp; Cloutier, C. (1992). A modified leaf disc method for rearing predacious mite (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Phytoprotection, 73, 69-72.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Brodsgaard, H. (1993). Cold hardiness and tolerance to submergence in water in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Journal of Environmental Entomology, 22, 647-653.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Chen, X., Yun, L., Du, Y., Zhang, Y., &amp; Wang, J. (2011). Cross-resistance and biochemical mechanisms of abamectin resistance in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 101, 34-38.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Degraaf, H., &amp; Wood, G. (2009). An improved method for rearing western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Florida Entomologist, 92, 664-666.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Grundy, P., Maelzer, A., Bruce, A., &amp; Hassan, E. (2000). A Mass-rearing method for the Assassin bug Pristhesancus plagipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Biological Control, 18, 243-250.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Inouet, T., Murai, T., &amp; Natsuaki, T. (2010). An effective system for detecting Iris yellow spot virus transmission by Thrips tabaci. Plant Pathology, 59, 422-428.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Jalili Moghadam, M., &amp; Azmayesh Fard, P. (2004). Thrips of ornamental plants in Tehran and Mahallat. Proceedings of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Tabriz University 1: 160.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Katayama, H. (1997). Effect of temperature on development and oviposition of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 41, 225–231 (in Japanese with English summary). Kirk, W.D.J. &amp; Terry, I. (2003). The spread of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 5, 301–310. Lewis, T. (1973). Thrips, their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance. Academic Press, London. 349 pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Lewis, T. (1997). Biological Pest thrips in perspective, In: Lewis, T. (ed.), Thrips as Crop Pests, CAB International, Wallingford and New York, pp. 1–13.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Loomans, A.J.M., &amp; Murai, T. (1997). Culturing thrips and parasitoids, In: Lewis T. (ed.), Thrips as Crop Pests, CAB International, Wallingford and New York, pp. 477–503.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Lublinkhof, J., &amp; Foster, D.E. (1997). Development and reproductive capacity of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) reared at three temperatures. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50, 313-316.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Mcdonald , J.R., Bale, J.S., &amp; Walters, K.F.A. (1998). Effect of temperature on development of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). European Journal of Entomology, 95, 301-306</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Mound, L.A. (1997). Biological diversity, In: Lewis, T. (ed.), Thrips as Crop Pests, CAB International, Wallingford and New York, pp. 197–215.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Mound, L.A. (2013). Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World. A checklist. On line [Available]: http://www.ento.csiro.au/thysanoptera/worldthrips.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Murai, T., &amp; Loomans, A.J.M. (2001). Evaluation of an improved method for mass rearing of thrips and a thrips parasitoid. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 101, 281–289.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>SAS Institute. (1990). SAS/STAT user's guide, ver. 6, 4th ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Steiner, M., &amp; Goodwin, S. (1998). Methods for collecting and rearing thrips (Thysanoptera) and their natural enemies. Australian Journal of Entomology, 37, 101-106.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Tanigoshi, L., &amp; Nishio-Wong, J. (1981). Greenhouse rearing of citrus thrips Scirtothrips citri for experimental testing. Journal of Economic Entomology, 47, 213-214.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Teulon, D., &amp; Niesen, M. (2005). Distribution of Western flower (Glasshouse strain) and Intonsa flower thrips in New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection, 58, 208-212.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Van Dijken, F.R., Dik, M.T.A., Gabal, B., Jong, J. de., &amp; Mollema, C. (1994). Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) effects on chrysanthemum cultivars: plants growth and leaf scarring in non-flowering plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87, 1312-1317.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3454</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3454_4a2214d699cfddef7c012d67ebd63729.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Water Engineering</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تخصیص بهینه زمین و آب با استفاده از روابط بیلان آب در خاک در منطقه کانال اردیبهشت شبکه درودزن</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ربیعی</surname>
			            <given-names>زهرا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>هنر</surname>
			            <given-names>تورج</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>باطنی</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد مهدی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه ارومیه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>21</fpage>
			      <lpage>28</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>03</day>
			          <month>04</month>
			          <year>2013</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>04</day>
			          <month>02</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3454.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3454.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- عدم تأمین آب کافی مشکل عمده کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک است. لذا مدیریت مؤثری باید برای برنامه­ریزی منابع آب در نظر گرفته شود. در این تحقیق، مدلی ارائه شد که قادر به برآورد تخصیص بهینه زمین و آب در شبکه آبیاری درودزن است. مدل بهینه مدیریت آب در مقیاس مزرعه به منظور بررسی راهکار­های مختلف کم آبیاری (DI) در مراحل مختلف رشد گیاه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. جعبه ابزار الگوریتم ژنتیک MATLAB (محصول Mathworks، 2009) به عنوان نرم افزار بهینه سازی با وجود محدودیت­ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش­های کم­آبیاری، تخصیص آب را  به طور قابل توجهی کاهش و سطح زیر کشت محصولات زراعی را در منطقه افزایش می­دهد. علاوه بر این، افزایش قیمت آب و وقوع خشکسالی منجر به تغییر الگوی کشت و کشت محصولات با ارزش اقتصادی بالا می­گردد. استفاده از این مدل استفاده بهینه از منابع آب در دسترس را در همه شرایط، بخصوص تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، تضمین می­کند. مدل پیشنهادی قادر به تعریف طرح مدیریت آب با توجه به مقدار آب در دسترس، قیمت آب و محصول، برای تخصیص همزمان بهینه زمین و آب است.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>مدیریت آب کشاورزی</kwd>
						<kwd>کم آبیاری</kwd>
						<kwd>آلگوریتم ژنتیک</kwd>
						<kwd>الگوی کشت بهینه</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Aryan, A. (1992). Modification of the CRPSM model for irrigation scheduling and management and yield prediction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Adl), MSc. Thesis, Irrig. Dept., Shiraz University, I.R. Iran. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Borg, H., &amp; Grimes, D.W. (1986). Depth development of roots with time: an empirical description. Transactions of the ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 29(1), 0194-0197.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Doorenbos, J., &amp; Kassam, A.H. (1979). Yield response to water. Irrigation and drainage paper, 33, 257.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Doorenbos, J. &amp; Pruitt, W.O. (1977). Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper, 24, 15-29.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Dudley, N.J., Howell, D.T., &amp; Musgrave, W.F. (1971). Optimal intraseasonal irrigation water allocation. Water Resources Research, 7(4), 770-788.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>FAO. (2003). AQUASTAT 2003. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/aglw/aquastat/aquastat2003.xls</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Fogel, M.M., Duckstein, L., &amp; Kisiel, C.C. (1976). Optimum control of irrigation water application. Journal of Hydrology, 28(2), 343-358.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Ghahraman, B., &amp; Sepaskhah, A.R. (1991). Determining the optimum water reduction in irrigation planning. In 4th Seminar on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction, University of Kerman, Iran. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Ghahraman, B., &amp; Sepaskhah, A.R. (2004). Linear and non-linear optimization models for allocation of a limited water supply. Irrigation and Drainage, 53(1), 39-54.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Gleick, P.H. (1993). Water in crisis: a guide to the world's fresh water resources. Oxford University Press, Inc..</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Hall, W.A., &amp; Butcher, W.S. (1968). Optimal timing of irrigation. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, 94(2), 267-278.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Hosseini, N. (2005). Effects of alternate furrow irrigation with different levels of nitrogen on the yield of wheat in the region of Badjgah and Koshkak. MSc. Thesis, Irrig. Dept., Shiraz University, I.R. Iran. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Honar, T., &amp; Sepaskhah A.R. (1996). Modification of the CRPSM Model for Corn Irrigation Management and Yield Prediction. In 8th Seminar of Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRNCID), Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Jalilian, A.A., Shirvani, R., Neamati, A., &amp; Basati, J. (2001).  Effects of deficit irrigation on production and economy of sugar beet in Kermanshah region. Journal of Sugar Beet, 1, 1-14. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation> Mathworks Co., (2009). “Matlab Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox”   http://www.mathworks.org.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; Parand, A.R. (2006). Effects of alternate furrow irrigation with supplemental every-furrow irrigation at different growth stages on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Production Science, 9(4), 415-421. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R. &amp; KamgarHaghighi, A.A. (1994). Effects of every–other furrow irrigation on water use efficiency of sugar beet. In Sugar beet Seminar, University of Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R., Tavakoli, A.R., &amp; Mousavi, S.F. (2006). Principles and applications of deficit irrigation. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage (IRNCID), Tehran, (100). (in Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Shaabani, M.K., Honar, T., &amp; Zibaei, M. (2008). Optimal management of irrigation water allocation and cropping pattern utilizing conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water resources. JWSS-Isfahan University of Technology, 12(44), 53-68.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Shiklomanov, I.A. (2000). Appraisal and assessment of world water resources. Water International, 25(1), 11–32. (in Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3425</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3425_0845a65d10cd84c3a8236668ff623d61.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Agricultural Economics</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تعیین الگوی کشت محصولات کشاورزی با تاکید بر تجارب آب مجازی در منطقه مرودشت</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>بخشوده</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>29</fpage>
			      <lpage>34</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2011</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>03</day>
			          <month>05</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3425.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3425.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده:- این مطالعه با هدف ارائه الگوی کشت بهینه بر اساس حداکثر واردات آب مجازی و سود خالص اجتماعی محصولات کشاورزی منتخب منطقه مرودشت شامل گندم، جو، برنج، ذرت، گوجه فرنگی و چغندر قند صورت گرفت. ابتدا الگوی بهینه کشت با محدودیت های آب و زمین ارائه گردید. در ادامه با توجه به اهمیت مصرف نهادها و اشتغال نیروی کار، الگوهایی تعدیلی به صورت حداکثرسازی تابع هدف مشروط به حفظ سطح فعلی اشتغال و یا قید افزایش اشتغال ارائه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در منطقه مورد مطالعه تنها گندم دارای مزیت نسبی در تولید است و بیشترین زیان اجتماعی مربوط به گوجه فرنگی است. در الگوی کشت حداکثر کننده سود اجتماعی و وادرات آب مجازی مقید به سطح فعلی آب و زمین تنها دو محصول گندم و گوجه فرنگی انتخاب گردیدند. در مجموع مشخص شدمحصول گندم از نظر واردات بالای آب مجازی و همچنین گوجه فرنگی از نظر اشتغال بالای نیروی کار در مقایسه با سایر محصولات از اهمیت بالاتری برخوردارند با توجه به اهمیت اهداف ملحوظ در الگوهای تعدیلی بهتر است به تمامی ابعادالگوهای مبتنی بر حداکثرواردات آب مجازی توجه شود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>آب مجازی</kwd>
						<kwd>الگوی کشت</kwd>
						<kwd>اشتغال</kwd>
						<kwd>مرودشت</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Allan, J.A. (1997). “Virtual water”: a long-term solution for water short Middle Eastern economies. Paper presented at the 1997 British Association Festival of Science, University of Leeds, UK.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Benli, B., &amp; Kodal, S. (2003). A nonlinear model for farm optimization with adequate and limited water supplies: Application to the South- east Anatolia project (GAP) region. Agriculture and Water Management. 62: 187-203.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Delgado, C., Mark, R., Henning, S., Simeon, E., &amp; Claude, C. (2003). Livestock to 2020: the next food revolution, Food, Agriculture and Environment Discussion Paper 28. International Food Policy Research Institute.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation> Iranian Ministry of Agriculture, (2003). Comparative advantage of selected agricultural products. Planning and Economic Dep. Research Institute of Planning and Agricultural Economics.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Turton, A.R. (2000). Precipitation, people, pipelines and power: Towards“virtual water” based political ecology discourse. MEWREW Occasional paper, water issues study group, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Wichelns, D. (2001). The role of “virtual water” in efforts to achieve food security and other national goals, with an example from Egypt. Agricultural Water Management, 49: 131-151.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Zehnder, A.J.B., &amp; Reller, A.  (2002). Water issues. Editorial. ttp://www.oekom.de/verlag/german/periodika/gaia/lese2002-04.pdf.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3427</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3427_7ba8218d519487afbdbc5d22de169181.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Soil Science</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>اثر کلات آهن و سولفات روی بر رشد و ترکیب شیمیایی نخود در یک خاک آهکی</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>قاسمی فسائی</surname>
			            <given-names>رضا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff></aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>رونقی</surname>
			            <given-names>عبدالمجید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>35</fpage>
			      <lpage>40</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>09</day>
			          <month>09</month>
			          <year>2013</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>28</day>
			          <month>04</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3427.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3427.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- اثر تیمارهای آهن و روی بر رشد و ترکیب شیمیایی نخود طی یک آزمایش گلخانه ای مطالعه گردید. کاربرد آهن سبب کاهش میانگین وزن خشک اندام هوایی نخود گردید. اما کاربرد سولفات روی اثر معنی داری بر میانگین وزن خشک اندام هوایی نخود نداشت. مصرف سطوح آهن سبب کاهش قابل ملاحظه ای در غلظت و جذب کل منگنز شد. اما سطوح روی اثر معنی داری بر غلظت و جذب کل منگنز نداشت. کاربرد سطوح روی یا آهن تاثیر معنی داری بر میزان جذب کل آهن اندام هوایی نخود نداشت. افزودن آهن سبب افزایش میانگین غلظت روی و آهن گردید. افزودن سطوح روی سبب افزایش جذب کل روی گردید. اگر چه افزودن 5 میلی گرم آهن در کیلوگرم تاثیر معنی داری بر میانگین غلظت و جذب مس نداشت اما کاربرد 10 میلی گرم آهن در کیلوگرم سبب افزایش معنی دار میانگین غلظت و جذب مس گردید. افزودن سطوح روی تاثیر معنی داری بر میزان غلظت و جذب کل مس اندام هوایی نخود نداشت. همبستگی منفی معنی داری بین میزان جذب منگنز اندام هوایی نخود و سطوح آهن افزوده شده به دست آمد که نشان دهنده کاهش در میزان جذب منگنز با افزایش سطح آهن مصرفی بود. وزن خشک اندام هوایی نخود نیز همبستگی منفی معنی داری با سطوح آهن افزوده شده نشان دادند. همبستگی های مثبت معنی داری بین وزن خشک اندام هوایی نخود با مقادیر جذب منگنز و روی به دست آمد که نشان دهنده تطابق بین روند تغییرات وزن خشک اندام هوایی نخود با روند تغییرات جذب منگنز و روی اندام هوایی این گیاه بود. نظر به اینکه مصرف روی سبب افزایش وزن خشک نخود نگردید و مصرف کلات آهن ممکن است منجر به عدم توازن در وضعیت عناصر غذایی و به دنبال آن کاهش رشد گیاه گردد به نظر می رسد که استفاده از ژنوتیپ های آهن کارا و روی کارا می تواند به عنوان راه حل مناسب جهت کاشت گیاهان در خاکهای با کمبود این عناصر در نظر گرفته شود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>روی</kwd>
						<kwd>آهن</kwd>
						<kwd>برهمکنش</kwd>
						<kwd>عدم توازن تغذیه ای</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Alam S., Kamei, S., &amp; Kawai, S. (2000). Phytosiderophore release from manganese-induced iron deficiency in barley. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 23, 1193–1207.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Ghasemi Fasaei, R., Ronaghi, A., Maftoun, M., Karimian, N., &amp; Soltanpour, P.N. (2003). Influence of FeEDDHA on iron-manganese interaction in soybean genotypes in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26, 1815–1823.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Ghasemi Fasaei, R., &amp; Ronaghi, A. (2008). Interaction of iron with copper, zinc and manganese as affected by iron and manganese in a calcareous soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 839-848.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Ghasemi Fasaei, R., Ronaghi, A., Maftoun, M., Karimian, N., &amp; Soltanpour, P.N.  (2005). Iron-manganese interaction in chickpea as affected by foliar and soil application of iron in a calcareous soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 1717–1725.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Gholamalizadeh Ahangar, A., Karimian, N., Abtahi, A., Assad, M.T., &amp; Emam, Y. (1995). Growth and manganese uptake by soybean in highly calcareous soils as affected by native and applied manganese and predicted by nine       different extractants. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 26, 1441–1445.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Graham, R.D., Welch, R.M., &amp; Bouis, H.E. (2001). Addressing micronutrient malnutrition through enhancing the nutritional quality of staple foods: principals, perspectives and knowledge gaps. Advances in Agronomy, 70, 77-144.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Kalayci, M., Torun, B., Eker, S., Aydin, M., Ozturk, L., &amp; Cakmak, I. (1999). Grain yield, zinc efficiency, and Zinc concentration of wheat cultivars grown in a zinc-deficient calcareous soil in field and greenhouse. Field Crops Research, 63, 87-98.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Kaya, C., Higgs, D., &amp; Burton, A. (1999). Foliar application of iron as a remedy for zinc toxic tomato plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22, 1829–1837.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Mortvedt, J.J. (1991). Correcting iron deficiencies in annual and perennial plants: Present technologies and future prospects. Plant and Soil, 130, 273–279.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Nan, Z., Li, J., Zhang, J., &amp; Cheng, G. (2002). Cadmium and zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions. Science Total Environment, 285, 187-195.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Oikeh, S.O., Menkir, A., Maziya-Dixon, B., Welch, R.M., Glahn, R.P., &amp; Gauch, J.R.G. (2004). Environmental stability of iron and zinc concentrations in grain of elite early-maturing tropical maize genotypes grown under field conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science, 142, 543-551.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Pestana, M., deVarennes, A., Abadia, J., &amp; Faria, E.A. (2005). Differential tolerance to iron deficiency of citrus rootstocks grown in nutrient solution. Scientia Horticulturae, 104, 25–36.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Roomizadeh, S., &amp; Karimian, N. (1996). Manganese-iron relationship in soybean grown in calcareous soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 19, 397–406.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Verma, T.S., &amp; Tripathi, B.R. (1983). Zinc and iron nteraction in submerged paddy. Plant and Soil, 72, 107–116.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, T.L., Domoney, C., Hedley, C.L., Casey, R., &amp; Grusak, M.A. (2003). Can we improve the nutritional quality of legume seeds? Plant Physiology, 131, 886-891.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Zaiter, H.Z., Clark, R.B., Lindgren, D.T., Nordquist, P.T., Stroup, W.W., &amp; Pavlish, L.A. (1992). Leaf chlorosis and seed yield of dry beans grown on high-pH calcareous soil following foliar iron sprays. Hort Science, 27, 983–985.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Zhao, A.Q., Bao, Q.L., Tian, X.H., Lu, X.C., &amp; Welf, J.G. (2011). Combined effect of iron and zinc on micronutrient levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Environmental Biology, 32, 235-239.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3428</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3428_a49c963861d4d7f19405c6275bb21518.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Soil Science</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>اثرات قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار، باکتری محرک رشد گیاه و تنش خشکی بر روی شکل‏های مختلف پتاسیم و تغییرات کانی‏های</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>باقرنژاد</surname>
			            <given-names>مجید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>کریمیان</surname>
			            <given-names>نجف علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>زارعی</surname>
			            <given-names>مهدی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شیراز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>41</fpage>
			      <lpage>48</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>02</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2013</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>28</day>
			          <month>04</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3428.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3428.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- آزمایش گلخانه ای با استفاده از آزمون فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی  به منظور بررسی اثرات قارچ گلوموس اینترارادایسز، باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس و تنش خشکی بر روی شکل­های مختلف پتاسیم و تغییرات کانی­های رسی در یک خاک آهکی خاک زیر کشت ذرت  انجام شد. تیمارها شامل قارچ میکوریز آربسکولار در دو سطح  G0­(تلقیح نشده با قارچ)و­ G1 (گلوموس اینترارادایسز)­،  باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس در دو سطح B0­ (تلقیح نشده با باکتری) و  B1­(سودوموناس فلورسنس­)، تنش خشکی در چهار سطح ­S0 (بدون تنش)،  S1­(تنشFC  75%)، S2(تنش FC50%) و S3­(تنشFC  25%) بود. با افزایش تنش خشکی، همه شکلهای پتاسیم افزایش و درصدکلنیزاسیون ریشه کاهش یافت. مایه زنی میکروبی درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه و همه شکلهای پتاسیم خاک را در مقایسه با تیمارهای مایه زنی نشده افزایش داد. با این وجود اثرات مایه زنی انفرادی گیاه با باکتری کمتر بود. بیشترین درصد کلنیزاسیون ریشه و مقدار شکلهای مختلف پتاسیم در تیمارهای مایه زنی گیاه با هر دو قارچ و باکتری در مقایسه با تیمارهای مایه زنی انفرادی مشاهده شد. با افزایش تنش خشکی مقدار کانی های ایلایت-کلریت افزایش یافت. با افزایش سطوح تنش خشکی، در تیمارهای غیر میکوریزی کانی های اسمکتیت مشاهده نگردید در حالیکه در تیمارهای میکوریزی مقدار این کانی ها افزایش یافت. بطور کلی نتایج  نشان داد که کودهای زیستی و تنش خشکی در هوادیدگی  و انحلال کانیها و  رهاسازی پتاسیم موثر هستند.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>گلوموس اینترارادایسز</kwd>
						<kwd>سودوموناس فلورسنس</kwd>
						<kwd>تنش خشکی</kwd>
						<kwd>شکلهای پتاسیم</kwd>
						<kwd>کانی شناسی خاک</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Alexandratos, N. (2003). World agriculture: towards 2015/30. Global Food Security and the Role of Sustainable Fertilization Congress (pp: 1-21). Rome, Italy, March 26-28.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Aliasgharzadeh, N., Rastin, N.S., Towfighi, H., &amp; Alizadeh, A. (2001). Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the Tabriz Plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil. Mycorrhiza, 11, 19-122.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Al-Karaki, G.N., &amp; Al-Raddad, A. (1997). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress on growth and nutrient uptake of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Mycorrhiza, 7, 83-88.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Aoudjit, N., Robert, M., Elsass, F., &amp; Curmi, P. (1995). Detailed study of smectite genesis in granitic saprolites by analytical electron microscopy. Clay Minerals, 30, 143-154.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Badraoui, M., Bloom, P.R., &amp; Delmaki, A. (1992). Mobilization of non-exchangeable K by ryegrass in five Moroccan soils with and without mica. Plant and Soil, 140, 55-63.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Basak, B., &amp; Biswas, D. (2009). Influence of potassium solubilizing microorganism and waste mica on potassium uptake dynamics by Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) grown under two Alfisols. Plant and Soil, 317, 235-255.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Borchardt, G. (1989). Smectites. In Dixon, J.B., Weed, S.B., (Eds.)., Minerals in Soil Environments (pp: 675-727). 2nd ed (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Christopher, R.B., &amp; Tony, J.V., (2008). Maize drought tolerance: Potential improvements through arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis? Field Crops Research, 108, 14–31.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Fageria, N.K., &amp; Stone, L. (2005). Physical chemical biological changes in the rhizosphere and nutrient availability. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29, 1327-1356.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Gee, G.H., &amp; Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In Klute, A., (ed), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I (pp: 339-404) (). ASA, Madison, WI..</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Gholami, L. (2011). Effect of  arbuscular  mycorrhiza, organic matter, and zinc rate, on chemical forms of zinc and corn responses on a calcareous soil. M.Sc. Univ. Shiraz, Iran. 129 pp. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Goulding, K.W.T. (1987). Potassium fixation and release. In: Methodology in soil-K research. Proceeding of the 20th Colloquium, Int Potash Inst (pp: 137-154). Baden bei Wien, Austria.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation> Helmke, P.A., &amp; Sparks, D.L. (1996). Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. In Sparks, D.L., (Ed), Methods of soil analysis Part 3 (pp: 551-573). SSSA Book Ser. 5, SSSA, Madison, WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Hinsinger, P., &amp; Jaillard, B. (1993). Root-induced release of interlayer potassium and vermiculitization of phogopite as related to potassium depletion in the rhizosphere of ryegrass. Soil Science, 44, 525-534.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Hinsinger, P., Jaillard, B., &amp; Dufey, J.E. (1992). Rapid weathering of trioctahedral mica by the roots of ryegrass. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 977-982.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Hochholdinger, F. (2009). The Maize Root System: Morphology, Anatomy and Genetics. In Bennetzen, J., Hake, S., (Ed), The Handbook of Maize (pp. 145-160) Springer, New York, Inc.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Huang, P.M., Zhou, J.M., Xie, J.C., &amp; Wang, M.K. (2005). Potassium in Soils. In Daniel Hillel, et al., (Ed), Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (pp: 303-314). Academic Press, New York, USA,.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Jackson, M.L. (1975). Soil Chemical Analysis. Advanced Course. University of Wisconsin, College of Agric, Dept of Soils, Madison, WI. 894 pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Jia, X.L., &amp; Marion, L.J. (2003). Potassium release on drying of soil samples from a variety of weathering regimes and clay mineralogy in china. Geoderma, 35, 197-208.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Jones, M.M., Osmond, C.E., &amp; Turner, N.C. (1980). Accumulation of Solutes in leaves of Sorghum and Sunflower in response to water deficits. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 7, 193-205.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Kittric, J.A., &amp; Hope, E.W. (1963). A procedure for the particle size separation of soil for X-ray diffraction analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 96, 312-325.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Kormanik, P.P., &amp; McGraw, A.C. (1982). Quantification of Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Plant Roots. In Schenck, N.C., (Ed). Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research (pp: 37-45). American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Leyval, C., &amp; Berthelin, J. (1991). Weathering of a mica by roots and rhizospheric microorganisms of pine. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55(4), 1009-1016.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Lian, B., Wang, B., Pan, M., Liu, C., &amp; Teng, H.H. (2008). Microbial release of potassium from K-bearing minerals by thermophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ,72, 87-98.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Malekzade, E. (2010). Study of interaction between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal fungus on growth index and heavy metals uptake of Cd and Ni on maize plant. M.Sc.Univ. Tehran. Iran. 220 pp. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Malekzade, E., Alikhani, H.A., Savaghebi, G.R., &amp; Zarei, M. (2010). Resistance to nickel and cadmium of indigenous and non-indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to heavy metal contaminated soils. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 41(2), 257-263.(In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Manning, D.A.C. (2009). Mineral sources of potassium for plant nutrition. A review. Journal of Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30(2), 281-294.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Martin, W.H., &amp; Sparks, D.L. (1985). On the behavior of nonexchaneable potassium in soils. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 16, 133-162.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Mclean, E.O., &amp; Watson, M.E. 1985. Soil measurements of plant available potassium. In Munson, R.D., (Ed) Potassium in agriculture (pp: 278-309).  SSSA, Madison.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Mehraban, A., Vazan, S., Naroui-Rad, M.R., &amp; Ardakany, A. R. (2009). Effect of vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhiza (VAM) on yield of sorghum cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7, 461-463.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Mengel, K. (1985). Dynamics and availability of major nutrient in soils. Advances in Soil Science, 1, 65-131.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Mojallali, H., &amp; Weed, S.B. (1978). Weathering of micas by mycorrhizal soybean plants. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 367-372.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Morovat, A. (2011). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and phosphorus levels on distribution of inorganic phosphorus forms in the calcareous rhizosphere soils of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and maize (Zea mayz L.) cultivars.  M.Sc. Shiraz University. Iran. 90 pp. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Naderizadeh, Z., Khademi, H.,  &amp; Arocena, J.M. (2010). Organic matter induced mineralogical changes in clay-sized phlogopite and muscovite in alfalfa rhizosphere. Geoderma, 159, 296-303.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Najafighiri, M. (2010). Morphological characteristics and mineralogy and potassium status in soils of Fars Province. Ph.D. Univ. Shiraz. Iran.(In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Nelson, D.W., &amp; Sommers, L.E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In Sparks, D.L., (Ed), Methods of Soil Analysis part 3: Chemical methods (pp: 961-1010). Soil SciSocAm and Am Soc Agro, Madison, WI..</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Olk, D.C., Gassman, K.G., &amp; Carlson, R.M. (1995). Kinetics of potassium fixation in vermiculite soils under different moisture regims. Soil Science Society of America Journal ,59, 423-429.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Scott, A.D., &amp; Smith, S.J. (1968). Mechanism for soil potassium release by drying. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 32, 443-444.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; Yarami, N. (2009). Interaction effects of irrigation regime and salinity on flower yield and growth of saffron. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,  84(2), 216-222.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Smith, S.E.,  &amp; Read, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. London, UK.  Academic Press, 787 pp Sparks, D.L. (1987). Potassium dynamics in soils. Advances in Soil Science,6, 1-63.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Sparks, D.L., &amp; Huang, P.M. (1985). Physical chemistry of soil potassium. In Munson, R.D., (Ed), Potassium in Agriculture (pp: 201-276). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Madison WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Steffens, D., &amp; Sparks, D.L. (1997). Kinetics of non-exchangeable ammonium release from soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal ,61, 455-462.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Sugumaran, P., &amp; Janarthanan, B. (2007). Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by bacteria and their effect on plant growth. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (3), 350-355.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Summer, M.E., &amp; Miller, W.P. (1996). Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficient. In Sparks, D.L., (Ed), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods, (pp: 1201-1230). Soil Science Society of America &amp; America Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Thomas, G.W. (1996). Soil pH and soil acidity. In Sparks, D.L., (Ed), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3: Chemical Methods, (pp: 475-490). Soil Science Society of America &amp; America Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Tributh, H., Boguslawski, E.V., Liers, A.V., Steffens, D., &amp; Mengel, K. 1987. Effect of potassium removal by crops on transformation of illite clay minerals. Soil Science, 143, 404-409.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Ullman, W.J., &amp; Welch, S.A. (2002). Organic ligands and feldspar dissolution. In Hellmann, R., Wood, S.A., (Eds), Water-Rock Interactions, Ore Deposits, and Environmental Geochemistry: A Tribute to David A. Crerar (pp: 3-35.). Vol. 7, The Geochemical Society..</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Vandevivere, P., Welch, S.A., Ullman, W.J., &amp; Krichman, D. L. (1994). Enhanced dissolution of silicate mineral by bacteria at near-neutral pH. Microbial Ecology, 27, 241-251.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, J.G., Zhang, F.S., Zhang, X.L., &amp; Cao, Y.P. (2000). Release of potassium from K-bearing minerals: Effect of plant roots under P deficiency. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 56(1), 45-52.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Yuan, L., Huang, J., Li, X., &amp;  Christie, P. (2004). Biological mobilization of potassium from clay minerals by ectomycorrhizal fungi and eucalypt seedling roots. Plant  and Soil, 262, 351-361.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Zarei, M. (2008). Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal polluted soils and their effectiveness in phytoremediation. Doctoral Thesis. Univ. Tehran. Iran. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation>Zarei, M., Saleh-Rastin, N., Alikhani, H.A., &amp; Aliasgharzadeh, N. (2006). Responses of lentil to co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing rhizobial strains and arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29(8), 1509-1522.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R53">
			<label>53</label>
			<element-citation>Zarei, M., Saleh-Rastin, N., Salehi Jouzani, G.H., Savaghebi G.H., &amp; Buscot, F. (2008). Arbuscular mycorrhizal abundance in contaminated soils around a zinc and lead deposit. European Journal of Soil Biology, 44, 381-391.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R54">
			<label>54</label>
			<element-citation>Zhou, J., &amp; Huang, P.M. (2007). Kinetics of potassium release from illite as influenced by different phosphates. Geoderma, 138, 221-228.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3438</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3438_4b055fa01409415e972ab8b3c307d25c.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Water Engineering</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تعیین CWSI به منظور برآورد تبخیر-تعرق و عملکرد بادنجان تحت شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>قائمی</surname>
			            <given-names>علی اصغر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>بخش آبیاری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>معاضد</surname>
			            <given-names>هادی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>رفیع رفیعی</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه جهرم</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>برومند نسب</surname>
			            <given-names>سعید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>49</fpage>
			      <lpage>60</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>15</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2013</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>21</day>
			          <month>04</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3438.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3438.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- شاخص تنش آبی گیاه (CWSI) یکی از متداول‌ترین شاخص‌های مبتنی بر دمای پوشش سبز، برای پایش و تعیین تنش آبی گیاهان می‌باشد. برای محاسبه CWSI حدود مبنای بالایی و پایینی منطبق بر محیط های مختلف مورد نیاز می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، معادلات خطوط مبنای تجربی و نظری به منظور تعیین مقادیر CWSI گیاه بادنجان در سطوح مختلف تنش آبی و شوری ارائه گردیده است. خطوط مبنا و CWSI بادنجان تحت فواصل مختلف آبیاری ( روزانه، هفتگی و دو هفته‌ای) سطوح مختلف شوری آب ( یعنی 8/0 ، 5/2، 0/5 و 0/7 دسی زیمنس بر متر ) در شرایط گلخانه و مزرعه به دست آمد. تاثیر سطوح مختلف تنش آبی و شوری بر تبخیر-تعرق کلی، عملکرد و CWSI نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. با افزایش شوری آب، کاهشی در شیب خط مبنای پایینی ( از 195/0 به 146/0 در گلخانه و از 134/0 به 098/0 مزرعه) توام با صعود خط مبنای بالایی تنش مشاهده گردید.افزایش سطوح تنش آبی به نوسانات بیشتر در مقادیر CWSI در طول فصل رشد منجر گردید. با توجه به نتایج آزمون دانکن مقادیر CWSI در هر دو محیط کشت به طور معنی داری تحت تاثیر کمبود آب و شوری می‌باشند.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>CWSI</kwd>
						<kwd>بادنجان</kwd>
						<kwd>تبخیر-تعرق</kwd>
						<kwd>گلخانه</kwd>
						<kwd>خطوط مبنای تنش</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Alderfasi, A.A., &amp; Nielsen, D.C. (2001). Use of crop water stress index for monitoring water status and scheduling irrigation in wheat. Agricultural Water Management, 47, 69-75.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Ayers, R.S., &amp; Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 29, Rev. 1, Rome.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>BenGal, A., Agam, N., Alchanatis, V., Cohen, Y., Yermiyahu, U., Zipori, I., Presnov, E., Sprintsin, M., &amp; Dag, A., (2009). Evaluating water stress in irrigated olives: correlation of soil water status, tree water status, and thermal imagery. Irrigation Science, 27, 367–376.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Blad, B.L., &amp; Rosenberg. N.J. (1976). Measurement of crop temperature by leaf thermocouple, infrared thermometry and remotely sensed thermal imagery. Agronomy Journal, 68, 635–641.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Boyaci, H.F. (2007). Resistance resources and its inheritance against to fusarium wilt in eggplants, CukurovaUniversity, Ph D Thesis, Natural and Applied Sciences. 108 p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Cohen, Y., Alchanatis, V., Meron, M., Saranga, Y., &amp; Tsipris, J. (2005). Estimation of leafwater potential by thermal imagery and spatial analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56, 1843−1852.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Dudley, L.M., BenGal, A., &amp; Shani, U. (2008). Influence of plant, soil and water on the leaching fraction. Vadose Zone Journal, 7, 420–425.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Erdem, Y., Erdem, T., Orta, A. &amp; Okursoy, H. (2005). Irrigation scheduling for watermelon with crop water stress index (CWSI). Journal Central European Agricultural, Vol.6,No.4, pp.449-460.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>FAO, (2010). Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. http://www.fao.org.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Glenn, D., Worthington, J., Welker, W., &amp; McFarland, M. (1989). Estimation of peachtree water-use using infrared thermometry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 114: 737−741.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>GonzalezDugo M.P., Moran, M. S., Mateos, L., &amp; Bryant. R. (2005). Irrigation Science, DOI 10.1007/s00271-005-0023-7.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Grant, O.M., Tronina, L., Jones, H.G., &amp; Chaves, M.M. (2007). Exploring thermal imaging variables for the detection of stress responses in grapevine under different  irrigation regimes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 815−825.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Idso, S.B. (1982). Non-water-stressed baselines: A key to measuring and interpreting  plant water stress. Agricultural Meteology, 27, 59−70.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Idso, S.B., Jackson, R.D., Pinter, P.J., JrReginato, R.J., &amp;  Hatfield, J.L. (1981). Normalizing the stress-degree-day parameter for environmental variability. Agricultural Meteology, 24, 45–55.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Irmak, S., Haman, D.Z., &amp; Bastug, R. (2000).  Determination of crop water stress index for irrigation timing and yield estimation of corn. Agronomy Journal, 92(6), 1221–1227.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Jackson, R.D., Idso, S.B., &amp;  Reginato, R.J. (1981). Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resours Reserch, 17, 1133–1138.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>James, L.G., (1988). Principles of farm irrigation system design. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York. 543 p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Jensen, H.E., Svendsen, H., Jensen, S.E., &amp; Mogensen, V.O. (1990). Canopyair temperature of crops grown under different irrigation regimes in a temperate humid climate. Irrigation Science, 11, 181–188.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Jones, H.G., Stoll, M., Santos, T., Sousa, C.D., Chaves, M. M., &amp; Grant, O.M. (2002). Use of infrared thermography for monitoring stomatal closure in the field: application to grapevine. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 2249−2260.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Kar, G., &amp; Kumar, A. (2010). Energy balance and crop water stress in winter maize under phenology-based irrigation scheduling. Irrigation Science, 28, 211–220.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Kjelgaard, J.F., Stockle, C.O., &amp; Evans, R.G. (1996). Accuracy of canopy temperature energy balance for determining daily evapotranspiration. Irrigation Science, 16, 149-157.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Leinonen, I., Grant, O.M., Tagliavia, C.P.P., Chaves, M.M., &amp; Jones, H.G. (2006). Estimating stomatal conductance with thermal imagery. Plant, Cell and Environment, 29, 1508−1518.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Lhomme, J.P., &amp; Monteny, B. (2000). Theoretical relationship between stomatal resistance and surface temperatures in sparse vegetation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 104, 119−131.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Möller, M., Alchanatis, V., Cohen, Y., Meron, M., Tsipris, J., &amp; Ostrovsky, V., (2007). Use of thermal and visible imagery for estimating crop water status of irrigated grapevine. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58, 827−838.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Moriana A., Villalobos, F.J., &amp; Fereres, E. (2002). Stomatal and photosynthetic responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves to water deficit. Plant Cell Environment, 25.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Nakayama, F.S., &amp; Bucks, D.A. (1983). Application of a foliage temperature based crop water stress index to guayule (Parthenium argentatum). Journal of Arid Environments, 6, 269−276.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Orta, A.H., Erdem, Y., &amp; Erdem, T. (2003). Crop water stress index for watermelon. Scientia Horticulturae, 98, 121-130.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Payero, J.O., &amp; Irmak, S. (2006). Variable upper and lower crop water stress index baselines for corn and soybean. Irrigation Science, 25, 21–32.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Payero, J.O., Neale, C.M.U., &amp; Wright. J.L. (2005). Non-water-stressed baselines for calculating crop water stress index (CWSI) for alfalfa and tall fescue grass. Translation ASAE, 48(2), 653–661.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Roth, G. &amp; Goyne, P., (2004). Measuring plant water status. In WATERpak, Australian Cotton CRC/CRDC (http://www.cotton.crc.org.au), p. 157-164.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; Kashefipour, S.M. (1994). Relationships between leaf water potential, CWSI, yield and fruit quality of sweet lime under drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 25, 13−22.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Smith, R.C.G. (1988). Inferring stomatal resistance of sparse crops from infrared measurements of foliage temperature. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 42, 183−198.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Sneha, C., Santhoshkumar, A.V., &amp; Sunil. K.M. (2013). Quantifying water stress using crop water stress index in mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) seedlings. CURRENT SCIENCE. 104, NO. 3.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Testi, L., Goldhamer, D.A., Iniesta, F., &amp; Salinas. M. (2008). Crop water stress index is a sensitive water stress indicator in pistachio trees. Irrigation Science, 26, 395−405.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Wanjura, D.F., Hatfield, J.L., &amp; Upchurch, D.R. (1990). Crop water stress index relationships with crop productivity. Irrigation Science, 11, 93−99.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Wanjura, D.F., &amp; Upchurch, D.R.  (2000). Canopy temperature characterizations of corn and cotton water status. Translation ASAE, 43, 867–875.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Yazar, A., Howell, T.A., Dusek, D.A., &amp; Copeland, K.S.  (1999). Evaluation of crop water stress index for LEPA irrigated corn. Irrigation Science, 18, 171–180.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Yuan, G.F., Luo, Y., Sun, X., &amp; Tang, D. (2004). Evaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water stress in winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 64, 29–40.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Zia, S., Spohrer, K., Du, W., Spreer, W., He, X., &amp; Muller, J. (2010).  Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resource Management and Rural Development. ETH Zurich, September, 14 – 16.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Zolnier, S., Gates, R.S., Anderson, R.G., Nokes, S.E., &amp; Duncan, G.A. (2001). Non-water-stressed baseline as a tool for dynamic control of misting system for propagation of poinsettias. Translation ASAE, 44(1), 137–147.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3439</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3439_b2691f1e54e3bc5fae8e353206d70548.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Horticulture</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مقدار یون‌ها و رابطه آن با برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی در رقم‌های زیتون در پاسخ به تنش شوری</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>علیایی</surname>
			            <given-names>فرزانه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>قبادی</surname>
			            <given-names>سیروس</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>غلامی</surname>
			            <given-names>مهدیه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>61</fpage>
			      <lpage>70</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>15</day>
			          <month>04</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>29</day>
			          <month>06</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3439.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3439.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- زیتون(Olea europaea L.)  یکی از باارزش­ترین و گسترده­ترین درختان میوه در ایران است. تغییراتی که در ثبات غشا، فتوسنتز و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدان در چهار رقم زیتون (‘دکل’، ‘شیراز’، ‘زرد’ و ‘آمیگدالیفولیا’) در اثر تنش شوری ایجادمی­شود با تأکید بر رابطه بین این ویژگی­ها و تجمع یون­های سدیم و پتاسیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گیاهان در شرایط گلخانه­ای در معرض چهار تیمار  شوری (0، 100، 150 و 200 میلی مولار کلرید سدیم) قرار گرفتند. تیمار گیاهان زیتون با سطح­های بالای شوری، باعث کاهش مقدار کلروفیل نسبی برگ، فتوسنتز، تعرق و مقدار پتاسیم برگ و ریشه شد. تنش کلرید سدیم فعالیت آنزیم­های سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز را در برگ­های زیتون افزایش داد. با افزایش غلظت کلرید سدیم در خاک، غلظت یون سدیم در برگ­ها و ریشه­ها افزایش یافت. تفاوت در کارایی مکانیسم دفع یون سدیم در رقم­های زیتون مورد مطالعه، سبب تفاوت در میزان تحمل آن­ها به تنش شوری شد. رقم ‘زرد’ بدون هیچ آسیب مشهودی به سلول­ها، بیشترین تحمل را به غلظت­های بالای نمک از خود نشان داد. رابطه بین ویژگی­های مورد مطالعه در پاسخ به تنش و تجمع یون­ها در برگ­ها و ریشه­های رقم­های زیتون به طور کامل مورد بحث قرار گرفت.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>آنتی اکسیدان آنزیم</kwd>
						<kwd>تجمع یون</kwd>
						<kwd>زیتون</kwd>
						<kwd>پارامترهای فتوسنتزی</kwd>
						<kwd>شوری</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Agarwal, S., &amp; Shaheen, R. (2007). Stimulation of antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation by abiotic stress in leaves of Momordica charantia. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19, 149-161.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Armengaud, P., Sulpice, R., Miller, A. J., Stitt, M., Amtmann, A., &amp; Gibon, Y. (2009). Multilevel analysis of primary metabolism provides new insights into the role of potassium nutrition for glycolysis and nitrogen  assimilation in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Physiology, 150, 772-785.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Asada, K. (2006). Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant Physiology, 141, 391-396.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Ashraf, M. (1994). Breeding for salinity tolerance in plants. Critical Review of Plant Sciences, 13, 17-42.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Bajji, M., Kinet, J. M., &amp; Lutts, S. (2002). The use of the electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane  stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat. Plant Growth Regulation, 36, 61-70.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Baum, S.F., Tran, P.N., &amp; Silk, W. K. (2000). Effects of salinity on xylem structure and water use in growing leaves of sorghum. New Phytology, 146, 119-127.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Ben Amor, N., Ben Hamed, K., Debez, A., Grignon, C., &amp; Abdelly, C. (2005). Physiological and antioxidant responses of the perennial halophyte Crithmum maritimum to salinity. Plant Science, 168, 889-899.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annual Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Candan, N., &amp; Tarhan, L. (2003). Relationship among chlorophyll-carotenoid content, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels by Mg2+ deficiency in the Mentha pulegium leaves. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 41, 35-40.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Chartzoulakis, K., Loupassaki, M., Bertaki, M., &amp; Androulakis, I. (2002). Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, ion content and CO2 assimilation rate of six olive cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 96, 235-247.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Demiral, M.A., Aktas Uygun, D., Uygun, M., Kasirga, E., &amp; Karagozler, A. A. (2011). Biochemical response of Olea europaea cv. Gemlik to short-term salt stress. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35, 433-442.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Dionisio-Sese, M.L., &amp; Tobita, S. (1998). Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress. Plant Science, 135, 1-9.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Dubey, R.S. (2005). Photosynthesis in plants under stressful conditions. In M. Pessarakli (Ed.), Handbook of photosynthesis (pp. 717-718). New York: CRC Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Erturk, U., Sivritepe, N., Yerlikaya, C., Bor, M., Ozdemir, F., &amp; Turkan, I. (2007). Response of the cherry rootstock to salinity in vitro. Biologia Plantarum, 51, 597-600.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Franklin, J.A., &amp; Zwiazek, J. J. (2004). Ion uptake in Pinus banksiana treated with sodium chloride and sodium sulphate. Physiologia Plantarum, 120, 482-490.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Gao, S., Ouyang, S., Wang, S., Xu, Y., Tang, L., &amp; Chen, E. (2008). Effect of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzyme and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings. Plant Soil Environment, 54, 374-381</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Goreta, S., Bucevic-Popovic, V., Pavela-Vrancic, M., &amp; Perica, S. (2007). Salinity-induced changes in growth, superoxide dismutase activity, and ion content of two olive cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170, 398-403.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Jha, D., Shirley, N., Tester, M., &amp; Roy, S.J. (2010). Variation in salinity tolerance and shoot sodium accumulation in Arabidopsis ecotypes linked to differences in the natural expression levels of transporters involved in sodium transport. Plant Cell Environment, 33, 793-804.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Kaya, C., Sonmez, O., Aydemır, S., &amp; Dikilitas, M. (2013). Mitigation effects of glycinebetaine on oxidative stress and some key growth parameters of maize exposed to salt stress. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37, 188-194.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Khan, M.H., &amp; Panda, S.K. (2008). Alterations in root lipid peroxidation and antioxidative responses in two rice cultivars under NaCl-salinity stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 30, 81-89.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Lutts, S., Kinet, J. M., &amp; Bouharmon, J. (1996). NaCl induced senescence in leave of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annual of Botany, 78, 389-398.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation> Mandhania, S., Madan, S., &amp; Sawhney, V. (2006). Antioxidant defense mechanism under salt stress in wheat seedlings. Biologia Plantarum, 50, 227-231.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. (2nd ed.). London: Academic Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Meneguzzo, S., Navari-Izzo, F., &amp; Izzo, R. (1999). Antioxidative responses of shoots and roots of wheat to increasing NaCl concentrations. Journal of Plant Physiology, 155, 274-280.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Menvielle-Bourg, F.J. (2005). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a powerful antioxidant, is now available orally. Phototherapie, 3: 1-4.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Misra, N., &amp; Gupta, A. K. (2006). Effect of salinity and different nitrogen sources on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and indole alkaloid content in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163, 11-18.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Mousavi, A., Lessani, H., Babalar, M., Talaei, A.R., &amp; Fallahi, E. (2008). Influence of salinity on chlorophyll, leaf water potential, total soluble sugars, and mineral nutrients in two young olive cultivars. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 1906-1916.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Munns, R., &amp; Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-681.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Nebauer, S.G., Sanchez, M., Martinez, L., Lluch, Y., Renau-Morata, B., &amp; Molina, R.V. (2013). Differences in photosynthetic performance and its correlation with growth among tomato cultivars in response to different salts. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 63, 61-69.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Noreen, Z., Ashraf, M., &amp; Akram, N.A. (2012). Salt-induced regulation of photosynthetic capacity and ion accumulation in some genetically diverse cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 85, 91-96.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Omielon, J.A., Epistein, E., &amp; Dvovak, J. (1991). Salt tolerance and ionic relations of wheat affected by individual chromosomes of salt tolerant Lophopyrum. Genome, 34, 961-974.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Parida, A.K., &amp; Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety, 60, 324-349.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Perica, S., Brkljaca, M., Goreta, S., Romic, D., &amp; Romic, M. (2004). Vegetative growth and salt accumulation of six olive cultivars under salt stress. Acta Horticulture, 664, 555-560.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Perica, S., Goreta, S., &amp; Vuletin Selak, G. (2008).  Growth, biomass allocation and leaf ion concentration of seven olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars under increased salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 117, 123-129.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Rodriguez, R., &amp; Sanches, T. R. (1982). Peroxidase and IAA oxidase in germinating seeds of Cicer arientium L. Revista Espanola De Fisiologia, 38, 183-188.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Sepaskhah, A.R., &amp; Yarami, N. (2010) Evaluation of macroscopic water extraction model for salinity and water stress in saffron yield production. International Journal of Plant Production, 4, 175-186.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Sharbatkhari, M., Galeshi, S., Shobbar, Z.S., Nakhoda, B., &amp; Shahbazi, M. (2013). Assessment of agro-physiological traits for salt tolerance in drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. International Journal of Plant Production, 7, 437-454.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Sharma, N., Gupta, K., Gupta, S., &amp; Hasegawa, H. (2005). Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and oxidative stress tolerance in contrasting wheat genotypes. Photosynthetica, 43, 609-613.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Sreenivasulu, N., Grimm, B., Wobus, U., &amp; Weshke, W. (2000). Differential response of antioxidant compounds to salinity stress in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive seedlings of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Physiologia Plantarum, 109, 435-442.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Tavakkoli, E., Fatehi, F., Coventry, S., Rengasamy, P., &amp; McDonald, K. (2011). Additive effects of Na+ and Cl- ions on barely growth under salinity stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 2189-2203.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Tavakkoli, E., Rengasamy, P., &amp; McDonald, G.K. (2010). High concentrations of Na+ and Cl- ions in soil solution have simultaneous detrimental effects on growth of faba bean under salinity stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 4449-4459.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Van Rossun, M.W.P.C., Alberda, M., &amp; Van Der Plas, L.H.W. (1997). Role of oxidative damage in tulip bulb scale micropropagation. Plant Science, 130, 207-216.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, M., Zheng, Q., Shen, Q., &amp; Guo, S. (2013). The critical role of potassium in plant stress response. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14, 7370-7390.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Widodo, P.J.H., Newbigin, E., Tester, M., Bacic, A., &amp; Roessner, U. (2009). Metabolic responses to salt stress of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Sahara and Clipper, which differ in salinity tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60, 4089-4103.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Yadav, S., Irfan, M., Ahmad, A., &amp; Hayat, S. (2011). Causes of salinity and plant manifestations to salt stress: A review. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32, 667-685.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Young, C., &amp; Jung, J. (1999). Water deficit-induced oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses in rice plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 155, 255-261.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3446</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3446_153fe91a865c9105a02027fea61a2f43.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Soil Science</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>اثر مالچ های نیشکری بر روی تثبیت شن های روان در خوزستان، جنوب غربی ایران</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>جمیلی</surname>
			            <given-names>تارا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>نادیان</surname>
			            <given-names>حبیب اله</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>شهبازی</surname>
			            <given-names>احسان</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شهرکرد،</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>71</fpage>
			      <lpage>80</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>02</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>06</day>
			          <month>06</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3446.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3446.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- در طول 50 سال گذشته، مالچ پاشی نفتی روشی متداول برای تثبیت شن های روان، در جنوب غربی ایران (استان خوزستان) بوده است. با این حال، نگرانی ها در مورد انتشار فلزات سنگین از مالچ نفتی، منجر به تحقیق در زمینه مالچ های جایگزینی شده است که توانایی تثبیت شن های روان را بدون خطرات زیست محیطی داشته باشند. هدف از این پژوهش امکان استفاده از ضایعات نیشکر برای تولید مالچ سازگار با محیط زیست می باشد. ویناس، فیلترکیک و خاک رسی در منطقه نزدیک به شن های روان جهت تولید مالچ های نیشکری در مقایسه با روش سنتی مالچ پاشی نفتی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. ویناس، فیلترکیک و خاک رسی به روش آزمون و خطا با مقدار مشخصی آب مخلوط گردیده اند و بر روی شن روان پاشیده شده اند. تنش برشی سطح خاک، مقاومت فروروی، مقاومت برشی سطح خاک و فرسایش پذیری تیمارهای انتخابی به ترتیب با دستگاه پره برشی، نفوذ سنج دستی، دستگاه برش سطحی ژانگ و تونل باد اندازه گیری شدند. تیمارها به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با فاکتورهایی که شامل نوع مالچ (هفت نوع مالچ نیشکری و یک مالچ سنتی نفتی)، ضخامت (یک و دو لایه)، و بارش (باران و بدون بارن) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داده است که مقاومت برشی و مقاومت فروروی با ضخامت افزایش یافتند؛ میانگین مقادیر مقاومت برشی و فروروی اندازه گیری شده در تیمار دو لایه به ترتیب 27/1 – 33/1 و 13/1 – 15/1 برابر بیشتر از تیمار یک لایه بودند. افزایش مقدار ضایعات نیشکر به طور چشمگیری مقادیر مقاومت برشی و فروروی را افزایش داد. غلظت های بیشتر از مواد آلی، کربنات کلسیم و الکترولیت در مالچ های نیشکری باعث پیوند ذرات خاک و افزایش مقاومت برشی و فروروی می گردد. مالچ نفتی کمترین مقاومت برشی و بیشترین مقاومت فروروی را داشت. که می تواند به دلیل ویسکوزیته کمتر مالچ نفتی نسبت به مالچ های نیشکری باشد که به راحتی در شن های روان نفوذ می نماید.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>ویناس</kwd>
						<kwd>تثبیت شن روان</kwd>
						<kwd>مالچ نفتی</kwd>
						<kwd>مالچ نیشکری</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Ahmadi, H., Ekhtesasi, M.R., Feiznia, S., &amp; Haneibafghi, M.J. (2002). Control methods of wind erosion for railroads protection (Case study: Bafgh region). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 55, 327–339.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>AlKhanbashi, A., &amp; Abdalla, Sh.W. (2006). Evaluation of three waterborne polymers as stabilizers for sandy soil. Geotech. Geology Enginering, 24, 1603–1625.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Alizade, A. (2009). Soil Physics (in Persian). Imam Reza Univ. Press, Mashhad, Iran.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Barzegar, A.R., Oades, J.M., Rengasamy, P., &amp; Giles, L. (1994). Effect of sodicity and salinity on disaggregation and tensile strength of an Alfisol under different cropping systems. Soil Tillers Reserch, 32, 329–345.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation> Barzegar, A.R., Rengasamy, P., &amp; Oades, J.M. (1995). Effects of clay type and rate of wetting on the mellowing of compacted soils. Geoderma, 68, 39–49.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Basha, E.A., Hashim, R., Mahmud, H.B., &amp; Muntohar, A.S. (2005). Stabilization of residual soil with rice husk ash and cement. Construct. Building Materials, 19, 448–453.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>BlancoCanqui, H., Lal, R., Owens, L.B., Post, W.M., &amp; Izaurralde, R.C. (2005). Strength properties and organic carbon of soils in the north Appalachian region. Soil Science Society American Journal, 69, 663–673.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Bilbro, J.D., &amp; Fryrear, D.W. (1994). Wind erosion losses as related to plant silhouette and soil cover. Agronomy Journal, 86, 550–553.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Bremner, J.M., &amp; Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen-total. In: Page, A.L., Keeney, D.R., Baker, D.E., Miller, R.H., Ellis, R.J., &amp; Rhoades, J.D. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. ASA/SSSA, Madison, Washington, pp. 595–622.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Bresler, E., McNeal, B.L., &amp; Carter, D.L. (1982). Saline and Sodic Soils: Principles, Dynamics, Modeling. Berlin, Springer.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Chepil, W.S. (1944). Utilization of crop residues for wind erosion control. Scince Agricaltural, 24, 307–319.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation> Diouf, B., Skidmore, E.L., Layton, J.B., &amp; Hagen, L.J. (1990). Stabilizing Fine sand by adding clay: laboratory wind tunnel study. Soil Technology, 3, 21–31.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Fryear, D.W. (1985). Soil cover and wind erosion. Translations ASAE, 28, 781–784.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Gee, G.W., &amp; Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Handbook No 9. ASA/SSSA, Washington, Madison, WI, pp. 383–411.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Han, Z., Wang, T., Dong, Z., Hu, Y., &amp; Yao, Z. (2007). Chemical stabilization of mobile dune fields along a highway in the Taklimakan desert of China. Journal Arident Environment, 68, 260–270.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Homauoni, Z.J., &amp; Yasrobi, S.S. (2011). Stabilization of sune sand with poly methyl methacrylate and polyvinyl acetate using dry and wet processing. Geotech. Geology Enginering, 29, 571–579.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Horn, R., Taubner, H., Wuttke, M., &amp; Baumgartl, T. (1994). Soil physical properties related to soil structure. Soil Tillers Reserch, 30, 187–216.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Jamshidsafa M. (2014). Investigatin of filter cake as adopted enviromental mulch using for sand dune stabilization in Ahvaz. University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin, pp. 432-443.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Khalilmoghadam, B., Afyuni, M., Jalalian, A., Abbaspour, K.C., &amp; Dehghani, A.A. (2009). Estimation of surface shear strength in Zagros region of Iran ‒ A comparison of artificial neural networks and multiple-linear regression models. Geoderma, 153, 29–36.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Knapen, A., Poesen, J., Govers, G., Gyssels, G., &amp; Nachtergaele, J. (2007). Resistance of soils to concentrated flow erosion: a review. Earth Science, 80, 75–109.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Knudsen, D., Peterson, G.A., &amp; Preatt, P.E. (1982). Lithium, sodium and potassium. In: Page, A.L., Keeney, D.R., Baker, D.E., Miller, R.H., Ellis, R.J., Rhoades, J.D. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2; Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Soil Science Society American, Washington, Madison, pp. 225–247.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation> Koolen, A.J., &amp; Kuipers, H. (1983). Agricultural Soil Mechanics. Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences. Vol. 13, Berlin. Springer-Verlag, 241pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Lahalih, S.M., &amp; Ahmet, N. (1998). Effect of new soil stabilizers on the compressive strength of dune sand. Construct. Building Materials, 12, 321–328.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Li, X.Y., Liu, L.Y., &amp; Gong, J.D. (2001). Influence of pebble mulch on soil erosion by wind and trapping capacity for windblown sediment. Soil Tillers Reserch, 59, 137–142.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Majdi, H., Karimian Eghbal, M., Karimzade, H.R., &amp; Jalalian, A. (2006). Effect of clay mulches on amount of aeolian dust. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resource, 10, 137–148. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Nelson, R.E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. In: Page, A.L., Keeney, D.R., Baker, D.E., Miller, R.H., Ellis, R.J., &amp; Rhoades, J.D. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Handbook No 9, ASA/SSSA, Washington, Madison, WI, pp. 181–197.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Newman, J.K., Tingle, J.S., Gill, R., &amp; McCaffrey, T. (2005). Stabilization of silty sands using polymer emulsion. International Journal Pavemal, 4, 1–12.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., &amp; Keeney, D.R. (Eds.) (1986). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. No. 9. ASA/SSSA, Washington, Madison, WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Rachman, A., Anderson, S.H., Gantzer, C.J., &amp; Thompson, A.L. (2003). Influence of long-term cropping systems on soil physical properties related to soil erodibility. Soil Science Society American Journal, 67, 637–644.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Raesian, R.B. (2005). The presence of gravel on the surface of soil loss. 9th soil science congress of Iran, Tehran. 28- 31 August.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Raji, B.A., Uyovbisere, E.O., &amp; Momodu, A.B. (2004). Impact of sand dune stabilization structures on soil and yield of millet in the semi-arid region of Nigeria. Environ. Monitial Assessment, 99, 181–196.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Rahimi, H., Pazira, E., &amp; Tajik, F. (2000). Effect of soil organic matter, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio on tensile strength of aggregates. Soil Tillers Reserch, 54, 145–153.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Rezaie, S.A. (2009). Comparison between Polylatice polymer and petroleum mulch on seed germination and plant stabilizement in sand dune fixation. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 16, 124–136. (In Persian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Santoni, R., Tingle, J., &amp; Webster, S. (2001). Nontraditional stabilization of silty-sand. US Army Engineer Res Dev Center.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>SAS Institute Inc. (1999). SAS/STAT User's Guide. Ver. 8.0. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Siddoway, F.H., Chepil, W.S., &amp; Armbrust, D.V. (1965). Effect of kind, amount, and placement of residue on wind erosion control. Translations ASAE, 8, 327–331.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>VanReeuwijke, L.P., &amp; Vente, J. (1993). Procedure for Soil Analysis. International Soil Reference and Information Center, Amsterdam.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Wójciga, A., Bolte, K., Horn, R., Stêpniewski, W., &amp; Bajuk, E. (2009). Surface shear resistance of soils on the micro- to meso-scale. Int. Agrophysics, 23, 391–398.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Wu, Z. (2003). Geomorphology of wind-drift sands and their controlled engineering. Beijing: Science Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation> Wuddivira, M.N., Stone, R.J., &amp; Ekwue, E.L. (2013). Influence of cohesive and disruptive forces on strength and erodibility of tropical soils. Soil Tillers Reserch, 133, 40–48.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Yang, K. &amp; Zejun, T. (2012). Effectiveness of  fly ash and polyacrylamide as a sand-fixing agent for wind erosion control. Water Air. Soil Polluton, 223, 4065–4074.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Yang, S., Lianyou, L., Yan, P., &amp; Tong, C., (2005). A review of soil erodibility in water and wind erosion research. International Journal Geografy Influnce Science, 15, 167-176.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Yamanaka, T., Inoue, M., &amp; Kaihotsu, I. (2004). Effects of gravel mulch on water vapor transfer above and below the soil surface. Agricaltural Water Management, 67,145–155.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3452</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3452_33777c0d3ad52e8194fa1f8287b63daf.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Crop Production and Plant Breeding</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تاثیر تنش خشکی در مراحل مختلف نموی بر روابط آبی، تراکم روزنه و تغییرات کیفی کلزا  (Brassica napus L.)</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>شکاری</surname>
			            <given-names>فریبرز</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>سلطانی بند</surname>
			            <given-names>ویدا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>جوانمرد</surname>
			            <given-names>عبداله</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>عباسی</surname>
			            <given-names>امین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>81</fpage>
			      <lpage>90</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>02</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>06</day>
			          <month>06</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3452.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3452.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر روابط آبی، تراکم روزنه، محتوای کلروفیل و عملکرد کلزا، آزمایشی در چهار سطح تنش خشکی: L1 (آبیاری کامل در حد گنجایش زراعی)، L2 (70 درصد میزان آب در دسترس)، L3 (50 درصد میزان آب در دسترس)، L4 (30 درصد میزان آب در دسترس) و در سه مرحله رشدی: ساقه‌روی (T1)، گلدهی (T2) و خورجین‌بندی (T3) به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین مقدار محتوای آب و پتانسیل آب برگ در تیمار 30 درصد میزان آب در دسترس و دوره خورجین‌بندی بدست آمد. بیشترین کارآیی مصرف آب در زمان گلدهی و خورجین‌بندی با 70 درصد میزان آب در دسترس مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که روزنه‌ها فقط تحت تاثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفت و بالاترین تراکم روزنه در تیمار 30 درصد میزان آب قابل دسترس مشاهده شد. کمترین مقادیر کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل در ترکیب تیماری تنش خشکی شدید (30 درصد آب قابل دسترس) و مرحله خورجین‌بندی مشاهده گردید که نسبت به تیمار آبیاری کامل کاهشی در حدود 59، 67 و 62 درصد را نشان داد. به همین ترتیب، پایین‌ترین مقدار عملکرد در همین تیمار مشاهده شد. به طوری‌که، کاهش عملکرد دانه در تیمار 30 درصد آب در دسترس در مرحله خورجین بندی 2/46 درصد بود. محتوای پروتئین دانه به واسطه تنش خشکی تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت به گونه‌ای که کاهش مقدار آب در دسترس به کاهش مقدار پروتئین منجر شد. این درحالی بود که، درصد روغن دانه‌ها نیز تحت تاثیر تنش خشکی قرار گرفت به طوری که بیشترین تأثیر تنش خشکی شدید بر درصد روغن در مرحله گلدهی بود. در نتیجه می‌توان بیان کرد که تنش خشکی شدید باعث کاهش مقادیر کلروفیل های a، b، کلروفیل کل، پروتئین، درصد روغن و عملکرد گردید.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>کلروفیل</kwd>
						<kwd>مرحله رشد</kwd>
						<kwd>درصد روغن</kwd>
						<kwd>پروتئین</kwd>
						<kwd>محتوای نسبی آب</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Ahmadi, M., &amp; Bahrani, M.J. (2009). Yield and yield components of rapeseed as influenced by water stress at different growth stages and nitrogen levels. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science,5, 755-761.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Allakhverdiev,  S.I., Sakamoto, A., Nishiyama, Y., &amp; Murata, N. (2000). In activation of photosystems I and II in response to osmotic stress in Synechococcus. Contribution of water channels. Plant Physiology, 122, 1201–1208.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Ando, T., &amp; Ouguchi, Y. (1989). A possible role of sodium in chlorophyll biosynthesis of sodium requiring C4 plants. Transactions of 14th ICSS vol. IV, pp. 152-157.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Ashraf,  M., &amp; Harris, P.J.C. (2013).Photosynthesis under stressful environments: An overview. Photosynthetica, 51, 163-190.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Ashraf,  M., &amp;  Mehmood,  S. (1990). Response of four Brassica species to drought stress. Journal of Experimental  Botany, 30, 93-100.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Badger, M.R. (1985). Photosynthetic oxygen exchange. Annual Plant Physiology, 38, 27.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Banuelos, G.S., Bryla, D.R., &amp; Cook, C.G. (2002). Vegetative production of kenaf and oilseed rape under irrigation in central California. Industrial Crops and Products, 15, 237–245.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Biehler, K., &amp; Fock, H. (1996). Evidence for the contribution of the Mehler-peroxidase reaction in dissipating excess electrons in drought-stressed wheat. Plant Physiology, 112, 265-272.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Champolivier, L., &amp; Merrin, A. (1996). Effects of water stress applied at different growth stages to Brassica napus L.var. Oleifera on yield, yield components and seed quality. European Journal of Agronomy, 5, 153-160. Chaves, M.M., Maroco, J.P., &amp; Pereira, J.S. (2003). Understanding Plant response to drought: from genes to the whole plant. Functional Plant Biology, 30, 239-264.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Din, J., Khan, S.U., Ali, I., &amp; Gurmani, A.R. (2011). Physiological and agronomic response of rapeseed varieties to drought stress. The Journal of Animal &amp; Plant Sciences, 21, 78-82.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation> Drake,  P.L., Ray, H.F., &amp; Peter, J.F. (2012). Smaller, faster stomata: scaling of stomatal size, rate of response, and stomatal conductance. Exp. Bot. Doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers347. FAO. 2013. http:// faostat. fao. org/.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Friedt, W., Snowdon, R., Ordon, F., &amp; Ahlemeyer, J. (2007). Plant Breeding: Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Crop Plants and is Exploitation in Breeding. Progress in Botany, 168, 152-177.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Holmstrom, K., Mantyla, E., Welin, B., Mandal, A., Palva, E. T., Tunnela, O.E., &amp; Londesborough, J. 1996. Drought tolerance in tobacco. Nature, 379, 683-684.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Istanbulluoglu, A.,  Arslan, B., Gocmen, E., Gezer, E., &amp; Pasa, C. (2010). Effects of deficit irrigation regimes on the yield and growth of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Biosystems engineering, 105, 388 – 394.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Jagtap, R.A., Tawar, P.N., Sen, D.R., Pant, N.M., &amp; Hapase, D.G. (1992). Physio-anatomical studies in sugarcane varietes and their somaclones grown under water stress conditions.  Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 1, 42-48.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Jensen, C.R., Mogensen, V.O., Mortensen, G., &amp; Fieldsend, J.K. (1996). Seed glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of field-grown rape (Brassica napus L.) affected by soil drying and evaporative demand. Field Crops Research, 47, 93-105.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Kaiser, W.M. (1987). Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Physiologia Plantarum, 71, 142-144.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Kauser, R., Athar, H.R., &amp; Ashraf, M. (2006). Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A potential indicator for rapid assessment of water stress tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38, 1501-1509.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>LazcanoFerrat,  I., &amp; Lovatt, C.J., (1999). Relation between relative water content, Nitrogen pools, and Growth of phaseolus vulgaris and phaseolus acutifolius, A. Gray during water deficit. Crop Science, 39 (2), 467-475.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Li, Y., fuchs, S.M.C.,  Cohen, Y., &amp; Wallach, R. (2002). Water uptake profile response of corn to soil moisture depletion. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 491–500.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Loon, C.D. (1981).The effect of water stress on potato growth, development, and yield. American Journal of Potato Research, 58, 51-69.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Mann, L.J. (1963). Spectrometric determination of nitrogen in total micro-Kjeldahl digest. Analytical Chemestry, 35, 651-655.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Mailer, R.J., &amp; Wratten, N. (1987). Glucosinolate variability in rapeseed in Australia. 7th International Rapeseed Congress, Poznan, Poland. pp. 661-675.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Mathur, D., Wattal, P.N., &amp; Mathur, D. (1995). Influence of water stress on seed yield of Canadian rape at flowering and role of metabolic factors. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry New Delhi, 22, 115-118.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Matin, M.A., Brown, J., &amp; Ferguson, H. (1989). Leaf water potential, relative water content, and diffusive resistance as screening techniques for drought resistance in barley. Agronomy Journal, 81, 100-105.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>McKersie, B.D., Bowley, S.R., Harjanto, E., &amp; Leprince, O. (1996). Water-deficit tolerance and field performance of transgenic alfalfa over expressing superoxide dismutase, Plant Physiology, 111, 1177-1181.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Mingeau, M. (1974). Comportement du colza de printemps a la secheresse. Information Bull CETIOM, 36, l-11.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Moradshahi, A., SalehiEsksndari, A., &amp; Kholdebarin, B. (2004). Some physiological responses of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)to water deficit stress under laboratory conditions. Iranian Journal of Science &amp; Technology, 28, 43-50.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Moorby, J., Munns, R., &amp; Walcott, J. (1975). Effect of water deficit on photosynthesis and tuber metabolism in potatoes. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2, 323-333.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>MorantManceau, A., Pradier, E., &amp; Tremblin, G. (2004). Osmotic adjustment, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of a hexaploid triticale and its parental species to salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 169, 25-33.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Morison, J.I., &amp; Baker, N.R. (2007) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Science, 363, 639-658.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Naik, G.R., Somashekar, R., &amp; Hiremeth, S.M. (1993). Effect of water stress on growth and stomatal characterstics in sugarcane cultivars. Indian Sugar, 43, 645-649.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Nasri, M., Khalatbari, M., Zahedi, H., Paknejad, F., &amp; TohidiMoghadam, H.R. (2008). Evaluation of micro and macro elements in drought stress condition in cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 3, 579–583.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Nielsen, D.C., &amp; Nelson, N.O. (1998). Black bean sensitivity to water stress at various growth stages. Crop Science, 38, 422-427.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Norouzi, M., Toorchi, M., HosseiniSalekdeh, G., Mohammadi, S.A., Neyshabouri, M.R., &amp; Aharizad, S. (2008). Effect of water deficit on growth, grain yield and osmotic adjustment in rapeseed. Journal of Food, Agriculture &amp; Environment, 6, 312 – 318.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Ogaya,  R., Llorens, L., &amp;  Peñuelas, J. (2011). Density and length of stomatal and epidermal cells in "living fossil" trees grown under elevated CO2 and a polar light regime. Acta Oecologica, 37, 381-385.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Parry, M.A.J., Flexas, J., &amp; Medrano, H. (2005). Prospects for crop production under drought: Research priorities and future directions. The Annals of Applied Biology, 147, 217-226.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Rashidi, S., ShiraniRad, A.H., AyeneBand, A., Javidfar, F., &amp; Lak, S. (2012). Study of relationship between drought stress tolerance with some physiological parameters in rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Annul Biology Research, 3, 564- 569.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Reynolds, M.P., Kazi, A.M., &amp; Sawkins, M. (2005). Prospects for utilizing plant adaptive mechanisms to improve wheat and other crops in drought and salinity prone environments. Annals in Applied Biology, 146, 239-259.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Shaneka, S., Lawson, P.,  Pijut, M., &amp; Michler, C.H. (2014). Comparison of arabidopsis stomatal density mutants indicates variation in water stress responses and potential epistatic effects. Journal Plant Biology, 57, 162-173.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Sharkey, T .D., Berry, J.A., &amp; Sage, R.F. (1988). Regulation of photosynthetic electron-transport in Phaseolus vulgaris L. as determined by room-temperature chlorophylla fluorescence. Planta, 176, 415.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Shinozaki, K., &amp; YamaguchiShinozaki, K. (1997). Gene expression and signal transduction in water-stress response. Plant physiology,  115, 327.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Shinozaki, K., &amp; YamaguchiShinozaki, K. (1996). Molecular responses to drought and cold stress. Current Opinion in Biotechnology,  7, 161-167.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>ShiraniRad, A.H., &amp; Zandi, P. (2012).The effect of drought stress on qualitative and quantitative traits of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Žemdirbystė Agriculture, 99, 47–54.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>ShiraniRad, A.H. (2012).  Study of Water Stress Effect on Yield and Some Agronomic Traits of Spring Rapeseed Varieties. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 2, 71-78.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Strocher, V.L., Boathe, I.G., &amp; Good,  R.G. (1995). Molecular cloning and expression of a turgorgene in Brassica napus. Plant Molecular Biology, 27, 541-551.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Tambussi, E.A., Bartoli, C.G., Bettran, J., Guiamet, J.J., &amp; Araus, J.C. (2000). Oxidative damage to thylakoids proteins in water stressed leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Physiologia Plantarum, 108, 398-404.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Taize, L., &amp; Zeiger, E. (1991). Plant physiology. The Benjamin Cummings Publishing co., Inc. California, Pp 565.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Tesfamariam, E. H., Annandale, J.G., &amp; Steyan, J.M. (2010). Water stress effects on winter rapeseed growth and yield. Agronomy Journal, 102, 658-666.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Topp, G.C., &amp; Ferre, P.A. (2002). Water content. In: J.H. Dane and G. C. Topp (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis: Physical Methods, Part 4. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, WI, USA, pp. 417-547</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Vafabakhsh, J., NassiriMahallati, M., Koocheki, A., &amp; Azizi, M. (2009). Effects of water deficit on water use efficiency and yield of rapeseed cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 7, 285-292.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation>Walker, K.C., &amp; Booth, E.J. (2007). Agricultural aspects of rape and other Brassica products. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 103, 441-446.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R53">
			<label>53</label>
			<element-citation>Wright, P.R., Morgan, J.M. &amp;, Jessop,  R.S. (1996). Comparative adaptation of rapeseed (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (B. juncea) to soil water deficits: Plant water relations and growth. Field Crops Research, 49, 51-64.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R54">
			<label>54</label>
			<element-citation>Xia, M.Z. (1994). Effects of soil drought during the generative development phase of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) on photosynthetic characters and biomass production. Journal of Agricultural Science, 122, 67-72.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R55">
			<label>55</label>
			<element-citation>Xu, Z.,  &amp; Zhou, G. (2008). Responses of leaf stomatal density to water status and its relationship with photosynthesis in a grass. Journal Experimental Botany, 59 (12) ,  3317–3325.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R56">
			<label>56</label>
			<element-citation>Zahedi, H., &amp; TohidiMoghdam, H.R. (2011). Effect of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activities with zeolite and selenium application in rapeseed cultivars. Research on Crops, 27, 388-392.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3507</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3507_820bbd5def6332b88154037a1a18a024.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله کامل</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>ارزیابی و مقایسه روش های ترکیبی به منظور پیش بینی تبخیر-تعرق گیاه سیر</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فراستی</surname>
			            <given-names>معصومه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه رازی،</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>بهمنی</surname>
			            <given-names>امید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه بوعلی سینا،</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>سجادی</surname>
			            <given-names>جواد</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه گنبد کاووس</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>91</fpage>
			      <lpage>100</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>06</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>30</day>
			          <month>06</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3507.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3507.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- روش­های زیادی برای تخمین تبخیر-تعرق وجود دارد که نتایج آن­ها در مناطق مختلف، متفاوت است. در این تحقیق ابتدا تبخیر-تعرق گیاه سیر توسط لایسیمتر اندازه­گیری شد و با 13 روش مختلف مقایسه گردید تا بهترین روابط تعیین گردد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی توانایی روش­های ترکیبی به منظور بهبود دقت تخمین می­باشد. نتایج نشان داد 5 روش پنمن فائو، پنمنASCE ، پنمن کیمبرلی، پنمن و بلانی کریدل دارای بیشترین دقت در تخمین تبخیر-تعرق می‌باشند. نتایج این 5 روش توسط 3 روش ترکیبی میانگین حسابی(C-SAM)، رگرسیون خطی و فازی-عصبی(C-ANFIS) با یکدیگر ترکیب شدند.نتایج این 5 روش با استفاده از سه روش ترکیبی میانگین حسابی، رگرسیون خطی(C-MLR) و فازی-عصبی با یکدیگر ترکیب شدند. مقایسه نتایج در مرحله صحت‌سنجی نشان داد اگرچه روش میانگین حسابی از رابطه‌ی ساده‌تری نسبت به رگرسیون خطی استفاده می‌نماید اما نتایج آن از رگرسیون خطی بهتر می‌باشد. به طور کلی دو روش ترکیبی میانگین حسابی و رگرسیون خطی نتایج را نسبت به بهترین روش تخمین تبخیر-تعرق (پنمن فائو) به مقدار قابل توجهی بهبود نمی‌دهد اما روش ترکیبی فازی-عصبی تبخیر-تعرق را بهتر از روش­های دیگر تخمین می­زند. بر مبنای نتایج این تحقیق روش ترکیبی عصبی-فازی به منظور پیش‌بینی تبخیر-تعرق پیشنهاد می‌گردد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>واژه های کلیدی:</kwd>
						<kwd>روش ترکیبی</kwd>
						<kwd>تبخیر-تعرق</kwd>
						<kwd>گیاه سیر</kwd>
						<kwd>لایسیمتر</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Allen, R.G. (2000). REF-ET: Reference Evapotranspiration Calculation Software for FAO and ASCE Standardized Equations, Version 2.0. University of Idaho, Kimberly.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Allen, R.G., Jensen, M.E., Wright, J.L., &amp; Burman, R.D. (1989). Operational estimates of reference evapotranspiration. Agronomy Journal, 81, 650–662.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., &amp; Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration guidelines for computing crop water requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper No. 56, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Batchelor, R., &amp; Dua, P. (1995).Forecaster diversity and the benefits of combining forecasts.Management Science, 41, 68–75.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Bates, J. M., &amp; Granger, C.W.J. (1969).The combination of forecasts.Operations Research Quarterly, 20, 451–468.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Clemen, R.T. (1989). Combining forecasts: a review and annotated bibliography. International Journal of forecasting, 5, 559-583.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Doorenbos, J., &amp; Pruitt, W.O. (1977). Crop Water Requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24, (1st and 2nd ed), Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Drake, J.T. (2000). Communications phase synchronization using the adaptive network fuzzy inference system. PhD Thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>FAO. 2011. Food and Agricultural Commodities Production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Frere, M., &amp; Popov, G.F. (1979).Agrometeorological crop monitoring and forecasting. FAO plant production and protection paper 17, FAO, United Nations, Rome, 36-43.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Granger, C.W.J., &amp; Terasvirta, T. (1992).Experiments in modeling nonlinear relationships between time series. In Casdagli,  M., &amp; Eubank, S. (Eds.), Nonlinear Modeling and Forecasting. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Gocic, M., &amp; Trajkovic, S. (2010). Software for estimating reference evapotranspiration using limited weather data.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 71, 158–162.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Hargreaves, G.H., &amp; Samani, Z.A. (1985).Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature.Transaction of ASAE, 1, 96-99.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation> Jabloun, M., &amp; Sahli, A. (2008). Evaluation of FAO-56 methodology for estimating reference evapotranspiration using limited climatic data: applications to Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management, 95, 707–715.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Jang, J. (1993). ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 23, 665–685.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Jang, J.S.R., &amp; Sun, C.T. (1995).Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling and Control.The Proceedings of the IEEE, 83, 378-406.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Jensen, M.E., Burman, R.D., &amp; Allen, R.G. (1990). Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practices No. 70. ASCE, New York, USA.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Kang, H. (1986). Unstable weights in the combination of forecasts.Management Science, 32, 683–695.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Kim, S., &amp; Kim, H.S. (2008). Neural networks and genetic algorithm approach for nonlinear evaporation and evapotranspiration modeling. Journal of Hydrology, 351, 299–317.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Kisi, O. (2006). Daily pan evaporation modelling using a neuro-fuzzy computing technique.Journal of Hydrology, 329, 636–646.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Kisi, O., &amp; Ozturk, O. (2007).Adaptive neurofuzzy computing technique for evapotranspiration estimation.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 133, 368–379.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Kumar, M., Raghuwanshi, N.S., Singh, R., Wallender, W.W., &amp; Pruitt, W.O. (2002).Estimating evapotranspiration using artificial neural network.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 128, 224–233.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Lebaron, B. (1992). Nonlinear forecasts for the S and P stock index. In Casdagli, M., &amp; Eubank, S (Eds.), Nonlinear Modeling and Forecasting. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Lisboa, P.G.J. (1992). Neural Network-Current Applications, 1st ed. London: Chapman and Hall.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Lopez-Urrea, R., Martin De Santa Olalla, F., Fabeiro, C., &amp; Moratalla, A. (2006).Testing evapotranspiration equations using lysimeter observations in a semiarid climate.Agricultural Water Management, 85, 15–26.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Makkink, G.F. (1957). Testing the Penman formula by means of lysimeters.Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers, 11, 277–288.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Moghaddamnia, A., GhafariGousheh, M., Piri, J., Amin, S., &amp; Han, D. (2009).Evaporation estimation using artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system techniques.Advances in Water Resources, 32, 88–97.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Mohan, S., &amp; Arumugam, N. (1995).An intelligent front-end for selecting evapotranspiration estimation methods.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 12, 295-309.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Nandagiri, L., &amp; Kovoor, M.G. (2006). Performance evaluation of reference evapotranspiration equations across a range of indian climates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 132, 238-249.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Nessabian, S. (2009). Forecasting value added of agricultural sub-sectors during fourth five-year development plan in iran. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 46, 144-147.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Papadakis, J. (1975). Climates of the world and their agricultural potentialities. Buenos Aires: published by the author. Cordoba, Spain, Papadakis.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Penman, H.L. (1948).Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass.Proceeding of Royal Society London, A193, 120-146.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Penman, H.L. (1963).Vegetation and hydrology.Technical Communication No. 53, Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden, England.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Pereira, A.R., Sentelhas, P.C., Folegatti, M.V., Villa Nova, N.A., Maggiotto, S.R., &amp; Pereira, F.A.C. (2002).Substantiation of the daily FAO-56 reference evapotranspiration with data from automatic and conventional weather stations.RevistaBrasileira de Agrometeorologia, 10, 251–257.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Popova, Z., Kercheva, M., &amp; Pereira, L.S. (2006).Validation of the FAO methodology for computing ET0 with limited data, application to south Bulgaria.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 55, 201–215.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Priestly, C.H.B., &amp; Taylor, R.J. (1972).On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters.Monthly weather review, 100, 81-92.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>See, L. &amp;Openshaw, S.A. (2000). Hybrid multi-model approach to river level forecasting. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 45, 523–536.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Sentelhas, P.C., Gillespie, T.J., &amp; Santos, E.A. (2010).Evaluation of FAO Penman– Monteith and alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration with missing data in Southern Ontario, Canada.Agricultural Water Management, 97, 635–644.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Shamseldin, A.Y., O’connor, K.M., &amp; Liang, G.C. (1997).Methods for combining the outputs of different rainfall-runoff models.Journal of Hydrology, 197, 203–229.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Shiri, J., &amp; Kisi, O. (2011a).Application of artificial intelligence to estimate daily pan evaporation using available and estimated climatic data in the Khozestan Province (Southwestern Iran).Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 137, 412–425.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Shiri, J., &amp; Kisi, O. (2011b).Comparison of genetic programming with neuro-fuzzy systems for predicting short-term water table depth fluctuations.Computers and Geosciences, 37, 1692–1701.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Takagi, T., &amp; Sugeno, M. (1985).Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 15, 116–132.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Terui, N., &amp; Van Dijk, H.K. (2002).Combined forecasts from linear and nonlinear time series models.International Journal of Forecasting, 18, 421–438.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Terzi, O., Keskin, M.E., &amp;,Taylan, E.D. (2006).Estimating Evaporation Using ANFIS.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 132, 503–507.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Thiesing, F.M., &amp; Vornberger, O. (1997).Sales forecasting using neural networks.Proceedings of International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN ’97), Houston, 2125–2128.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Traore, S., Wang, Y.M., &amp; Kerh, T. (2010).Artificial neural network for modeling reference evapotranspiration complex process in Sudano-Sahelian zone.Agricultural Water Management, 97, 707-714.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Turc, L. (1961). Evaluation des besoins en eau d irrigation, evapotranspiration potentielle, formule climatique simplific mise a jour. Annals of Agronomy, 12, 13-49. .(in French).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Widmoser, P. (2009). A discussion on alternative to Penman–Monteith equation.Agricultural Water Management, 96, 711–721.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Wright, J.L. (1996). Derivation of Alfalfa and Grass Reference Evapotranspiration.ASAE Proceeding of International Conference, Irrigation Association and International Committee on Irrigation Drainage, San Antonio, TX 3-6 November.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Wright, J.L., &amp; Jensen, M.E. (1972). Peak water requirements of crops in Southen Idaho.Journal of Irrigation Drainage Deviation, 98 (IR1), 193–201.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Yip, D.H.F., Hines, E.L., &amp; Yu, W.H. (1997).Application of artificial neural networks in sales forecasting.Proceedings of 1997 International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN ’97), Houston, 2121–2124.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3525</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3525_bcc43fff35465a44ddaa9d854ef541d3.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله کامل</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مقایسه الگوریتم ژنتیک و روش خود توضیح با وقفه‏های گسترده در</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>نگارچی</surname>
			            <given-names>سمانه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>بخش اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>زارع مهرجردی</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد رضا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مهرابی بشرآبادی</surname>
			            <given-names>حسین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>نظام‏آبادی پور</surname>
			            <given-names>حسین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>101</fpage>
			      <lpage>107</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>10</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2012</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>07</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2015</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3525.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3525.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- امروزه دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی از راه ارتقای بهره‏وری، از مهم‏ترین هدف‏های اقتصادی کشورها بشمار می‏آید با توجه به نقش مهم بهره‏وری در تصمیم‏گیری‏ها و برنامه‏ریزی‏های آینده، باید مقادیر دقیقی از این شاخص در اختیار داشت. در این مطالعه به منظور اندازه‏گیری دقیق بهره‏وری کل عوامل تولید در بخش کشاورزی، از  دو روش ARDL و الگوریتم ژنتیک طی دوره زمانی 86-1356 استفاده شده است. نتایج مقایسه‏ی این دو روش حاکیازآناستکه روش الگوریتم ژنتیک نسبت به روش ARDL از کارایی بسیار بالایی برخوردار است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از اندازه‏گیری بهره‏وری کل عوامل تولید ، نشان دهنده صعودی بودن روند آن تا سال1370 و از آن بعد روند نزولی ملایمی داشته است. همچنین رشد بهره‏وری کل عوامل تولید در بخش کشاورزی ایران طی دوره مورد بررسی نوسانات زیادی داشته است و میانگین سالانه رشد بهره‏وری در این بخش طی دوره مورد بررسی 16/0- می‏باشد. پس لازم است بر استفاده بهینه‏تر از نهاده‏های موجود و ترکیب مناسبتر آنها و افزایش بهره‏وری در بخش کشاورزی تأکید داشت.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>خود توضیح با وقفه‏های گسترده</kwd>
						<kwd>بهره‏وری کل عوامل تولید</kwd>
						<kwd>کشاورزی</kwd>
						<kwd>ایران</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Atkins, F.J., &amp; Coe, P.J. (2002). An ARDL bounds test of the long-run Fisher effect in the United States and Canada, Journal of Macroeconomics, 24, 255–266.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Amjadi, M.H., Nezamabadi Pour, H., &amp; Farsangi, M.M. (2010).Estimation of Electricity Demand of Iran Using Two Heuristic Algorithms.Energy Conversion and Management, 51, 493-497.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Central bank of Islamic Republic of Iran, Report and statistics; 2007 [in Pershian].</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Ceylan, H., &amp; Ozturk, H.K. (2004). Estimating energy demand of Turkey based on economic indicators using genetic algorithm approach. Energy Converse Management, 45, 2525–37.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Chen, P.C., YU, M.M., Chang, C.C., &amp; HSU, S.H. (2008). Total factor productivity growth in China's agricultural sector, China Economic Review, 19, 580–593.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Energy balance-sheet: power ministry of Iran, Energy report and statistics; 2006 [in Persian].</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Goldberg, D.E. (1989).  Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning.Addison-Wesley.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Haldenbilen, S., &amp; Ceylan, H. (2005). Genetic algorithm approach to estimate transport energy demand in Turkey, Fuel and Energy, 46, 193-204.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Hamamoto, M. (2006).Environmental regulation and the productivity of Japanese manufacturing industries.Journal of Resource and Energy Economics, 604, 14-25.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Holland, J.H. (1992). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (First edition, 1975, University of Michigan Press.)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Ozturk, H.K., Ceylan, H., Canyurt, O.E., &amp; Hepbasli, A. (2005). Electricity estimation using genetic algorithm approach: a case study of Turkey. Energy, 30, 1003–12.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Pirasteh, H. (2003). The contribution of agriculture to economic and productivity growth of Iranian economy. Journal Iranian Economic Review, University of Tehran, Faculty of Economic, 8, 45-72.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., &amp; Smith, R.J. (2001).Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships.Journal Apply Econometr, 16, 289–326.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Pesaran, H.M., &amp; Shin, Y. (1999). Autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach to cointegration analysis. In: Storm S, editor. Econometrics and economic theory in the 20th century: the Ranger Frisch centennial symposium. Cambridge University Press; [chapter 1].</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Romer, D. (2001).Advanced Macroeconomics. Shanghai University of Finance &amp; Economics Press, 5–17.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Simmons, P., &amp; Cacho, O. (1999). a genetic algorithm approach to farm investment.theAustralian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 43,3,305-322.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Sethuram, S., Girmay, M., Steven, K., Jeffrey, B., &amp; Lant Christopher.(2008). An agent based model of multifunctional agricultural landscape using genetic algorithms. The American agricultural economics association annual meeting, Orlando, fl, July 27-29.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Solow, R. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65-94.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله کامل" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">IAR</journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Shiraz University</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>تحقیقات کشاورزی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">1013-9885</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>Shiraz University</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22099/iar.2016.3533</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3533_426f1efe0e28ab80533ec9ebeb55ba04.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					          		<subject>Water Engineering</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مطالعه اثرات استفاده از شیرابه تیمار شده پسماند زباله شهری و زئولیت برخاکها</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>میر سید حسینی</surname>
			            <given-names>حسین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>گروه علوم خاک ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>کریمی</surname>
			            <given-names>رسول</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>گروه علوم خاک ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>باقری</surname>
			            <given-names>سپیده</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>گروه علوم خاک ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج ، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>طباطبایی</surname>
			            <given-names>حسن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهر کرد، شهر کرد، ج. ا. ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>21</day>
			        <month>01</month>
			        <year>2016</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>34</volume>
			      <issue>2</issue>
			      <fpage>109</fpage>
			      <lpage>116</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>29</day>
			          <month>09</month>
			          <year>2014</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>09</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2016</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2016, Shiraz University. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3533.html">https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3533.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>چکیده- همانطور که جمعیت جهان در حال رشد بوده و شهر نشینی و رفاه افزایش یافته ، تولید زباله نیز به شدت در حال افزایش می باشد. استفاده مجدد ازفاضلاب به عنوان یک راهکار برای کاهش کمبود آب، بهبود تولید محصول و پایداری محیط زیست شناخته شده است. به جهت بررسی این مسئله، آزمایش ستون خاک براساس طرح بلوک تصادفی فاکتوریل 3×3 شامل سه تیمار جاذب (شیرابه بدون پیش تصفیه (L1)، شیرابه  عبور نموده از پوسته برنج (L2)، شیرابه عبور نموده از کربن فعال (L3)) و سه سطح زئولیت (0، 5 و 10 % وزنی خاک)  انجام پذیرفت. حجم آب زهکشی شده در طول آزمایش کاهش یافت. کاربرد سطح 5% زئولیت کارایی برداشت خاک را می تواند بهبود بخشد و اثر مثبتی بر کیفیت زه آب دارد. همچنان که به صورت تغییرات در EC, Na+, Ca2++Mg2+Cl-(تا 22%، 15%، 24%، %15 کاهش یافته) و فسفر کل (تا 12% افزایش یافته) در تیمار شیرابه نشان داده شده است. اما افزودن 10%  زئولیت تفاوت معنی داری نداشت (05/0p&lt;). جاذب های مورد استفاده در این آزمایش اثر معنی داری بر پارامتر هایی مانند N-NH4+, SAR، فسفر کل و مقدار سدیم داشتند. تغییرات در اغلب پارامترها در تیمار L3از نظر آماری به طور معنی دار (05/0p &lt;) در مقایسه با دیگر شیرابه ها (( N-NH4+(40%) و فسفر کل (33%)  بیشتر و Ca2++Mg2+(3/14%) و سدیم (14%) کمتر) متفاوت بود، که نشان دهنده افزایش کارایی جاذب ناشی از فعال سازی پوسته برنج می باشد. کاربرد زئولیت می تواند کارایی برداشت خاک را برای تیمار شیرابه بهبود بخشد، اما سطوح کاربرد بسته به خاک و نوع زئولیت متفاوت خواهد</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>زه آب</kwd>
						<kwd>شیرابه</kwd>
						<kwd>تصفیه زمینی</kwd>
						<kwd>خاک</kwd>
						<kwd>جاذب</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Akkaya, E., Demur. A., Karadag. D., Varank G., Bingil, M.S., &amp; Ozkaya, B. (2010). Post-Treatment of anaerobically medium-age landfill leachate. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 29, 78-84.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation> Apachito, I., &amp; Earache, P. (2010). Hemic acids removal from water by amino propyl functionalized rice husk ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184, 775–781.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>APHA. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (American Public: Health Association, Washington, D.C).1566 pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Buyoucos, C.J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle-size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Chernicharo, C.A.L. (2006). Post treatment options for the anaerobic treatment of domestic waste-water Reviews. Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 5, 73–92.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Golian, S., Saghafian, B., Sheshangosht, S., &amp; Ghalkhani, H. (2010). Comparison of classification and clustering methods in spatial rainfall pattern recognition at Northern Iran. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 102, 319–329.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Hale, S., Jensen, J., Jak, L., Oleszczuk, P., Hartnik, T.H., Henriksen, T.H., Okkenhaug, G., Martinsen V., &amp; Cornelissen, G. (2013). Short-Term effect of the soil amendments activated carbon, biochar, and ferric oxy-hydroxide on bacteria and invertebrates. Environmental Science and Technology (Washington), 47, 8674-8683.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Halim, A.A., Abidin, N.N.Z., Awang, N., Ithnin, O., &amp; Wahab, M. Sh. (2011). Ammoniaand COD removal from synthetic Leachate using rice husk composite adsorbent. Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, 5, 24-31.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Jahantigh, M. (2008). Impact of recycled water irrigation on soil chemical properties in an arid region. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 2264-2268.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Kadirvelu, K., Thamaraiselvi, K., &amp; Namasivayam, C. (2001). Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters by adsorption on to activated carbon prepared from an agricultural solid waste. Bioresource Technology, 76, 63-65.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Kamath, S.R., &amp; Proctor, A. (1998). Silica gel from rice hull ash: preparation and characterization. Cereal Chemistry, 75, 484-487.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Kotdawala, R.R., Kazantzis, N., &amp; Thompson, R.W. (2008). Molecular simulation studies of adsorption of hydrogen cyanide and methyl ethyl ketone on zeoliteNaX and activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 159, 169-176.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Lazarova, V., &amp; Bahari, A. (2005). Water reuse for irrigation: Agriculture, Landscape, and TurfGrass, CRC Press. www.crcpress.com, 45-76.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Lee, K.G., Mohtar, A.M., Zainudin, N.F. Bhatia, S., &amp; Mohamed A.R. (2005). Optimum conditions for preparation of flue gas desulfurization absorbent from rice husk ash. Fuel, 84, 143-151.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation> Li, P., cheng, X., Xue, B., Zhang, L., &amp; Dezhi, S. (2013). Evaluation of Composted Sewage Sludge Application to soil. IERI Procedia, 5, 202-208.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Marks, A.L., Luthy, R.G., &amp; Diwker, U.M. (1994). Semi-Continuous evaporation model for leachate treatment process evaluation. Environment progress, 13, 278–289.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation> Mavaddati, S., Kianmehr, M . H., Allahdadi , I., &amp; Chegini , G . R. (2010). Preparation of Pellets by Urban Waste Compost. International Journal of Environmental Research, 4, 4, 665-672.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation> MDE. (2003). Maryland department of the environmental Guideline for Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Washington MD PP.1-9 www.mad.state.md.us.)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation> Ming, D.W., &amp; Dixon, J.B. (1987). Quantitative determination of clinoptilolite in soils by a cation exchange capacity method. Clays Clay Minerals, 35, 463-468.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation> Mohan, D., Singh, K.P., &amp; Singh, V.K. (2008). Wastewater treatment using low cost activated carbons derived from agricultural byproducts -A case study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152, 1045–1053.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation> Saber, M.S.M. (1986). Prolonged effect of land disposal of human waste on soil conditions. Water Science and Technology, 18, 371-374.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation> Sparks, L., Page,  A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T., &amp; Sumner, M.E. (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy Soil Science Society of AmericaInc. Madison Wisconsin USA.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation> Tabatabaei, S.H., &amp; Liaghat, A. (2004). Use of zeolite to control heavy metals in municipal wastewater applied for irrigation. Japanese Journal of ion Exchange. Japanese Association of Ion Exchange Press, 15, 2-7.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation> Wang, Y., Liu, S. Xu, Z. Han, T. Chuan, S., &amp; Zhu, T. (2006). Ammonia removal from leachate solution using natural Chinese Clinoptilolite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136: 735–740.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Yalcuk, A., &amp; Ugurlu, A. (2009). Comparison of horizontal and vertical constructed wetland systems for landfill leachate treatment. Bioresource Technology, 100, 2521-2526.</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>