Impact of urban compost manure on the soil physical properties, growth, yield and quality of lettuce

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria

10.22099/iar.2023.47149.1534

Abstract

Most soils close to urban centers are often degraded due to intensive cultivation, resulting in low organic matter content and low plant nutrients. Remnants of vegetable materials are frequently abandoned in urban markets in Nigeria and their disposal by local councils is expensive; these materials therefore constitute a nuisance to the environment. However, these materials can be composted and used as soil amendment. A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria during the 2018 and 2019 cropping growing seasons to evaluate the effects of urban wastes as compost on the growth, yield and nutritional composition of lettuce. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. The rates of compost application were as follows; 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 Mg/ha and NPK at the rate of 300 kg ha-1. Data were collected on vegetative parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index), yield parameters (yield per net plot, yield per hectare), and the vitamin composition (Vitamins A and C). The results showed that the application of compost manure improved the soil physical and chemical properties such as the water holding capacity, which was improved by 27.77% and 29.43% in the first and second growing seasons respectively. The application of 20 Mg ha-1 produced superior growth and yield (34.93 and 33.64 Mg ha-1) in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Farmers are therefore encouraged to plant their lettuce crop using compost manure especially in urban areas. 

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

تأثیر کود کمپوست شهری بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک، رشد، عملکرد و کیفیت کاهو

Author [Persian]

  • عفیدی کوین ایهیوخیلن
گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلورین، ایلورین، نیجریه
Abstract [Persian]

بیشتر خاک های نزدیک به مراکز شهری اغلب به دلیل کشت فشرده تخریب می شوند و در نتیجه مقدار مواد آلی کم و مواد مغذی گیاه کم می شود. بقایای مواد گیاهی اغلب در بازارهای شهری در نیجریه رها می شوند و دفع آنها توسط شوراهای محلی گران است. بنابراین این مواد باعث ایجاد مزاحمت برای محیط زیست می شوند. با این حال، این مواد را می توان کمپوست کرد و به عنوان اصلاح کننده خاک استفاده کرد. یک آزمایش مزرعه ای در یک مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ایلورین، ایلورین، نیجریه در طول فصل زراعی 1398 - 1397 برای ارزیابی اثرات زباله های شهری به عنوان کمپوست بر رشد، عملکرد و ترکیب تغذیه ای کاهو انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی چهار بار تکرار شد. میزان مصرف کمپوست شامل 0، 5، 10، 15، 20 میلی گرم در هکتار و NPK به میزان 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. داده ها بر روی پارامترهای رویشی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ و شاخص سطح برگ و پارامترهای عملکرد شامل عملکرد در کرت خالص، عملکرد در هکتار و ترکیب ویتامین های A و C جمع آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود کمپوست باعث بهبود خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک از جمله ظرفیت نگهداری آب شد بطوریکه ظرفیت نگهداری آب در فصل های زراعی اول و دوم به ترتیب 27/77 درصد و 29/43 درصد بهبود یافت. استفاده از کمپوست 20 میلی گرم در هکتار به ترتیب در فصل زراعی اول و فصل زراعی دوم رشد و عملکرد بهتری (34/93 و 33/64 مگا در هکتار) داشت. در نتیجه، کشاورزان، به ویژه در مناطق شهری، می توانند محصول کاهو خود را با استفاده از کود کمپوست بکارند تا عملکرد بیشتری داشته باشند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • رشد
  • کاهو
  • کمپوست
  • محتوای مواد مغذی
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