Maize response to water, salinity and nitrogen levels: soil and plant ions accumulation

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

1 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran Department of Water Science and Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan, I. R. Iran

2 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz Drought Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

In the present study, some nutritional imbalances, specific ion toxicity and yield-ion concentration relationships in maize under water, nitrogen (N) and salinity stresses were assessed. Effect of different levels of irrigation water (I1=1.0ETc+0.25ETc as leaching, I2 =0.75I1 and I3 =0.5I1) as main plot, salinity of irrigation water (S1=0.6, S2= 2.0 and S3=4.0 dS m-1) as sub-plot and N fertilizer rates (N1=0, N2=150 and N3=300 kg N ha-1) as sub-sub-plot on maize (cv SC 704) were investigated in a split-split-plot design with three replications during 2009 and 2010. Results showed that salts accumulated in soil were 28.4% higher in I2 compared with other irrigation treatments. Soil nitrate concentration was statistically higher under I3 and S1 treatments (83% and 10%, respectively) compared with other irrigation and salinity levels. There was no K+ deficiency caused by salinity; however, salinity resulted in statistically lower K+/Na+ compared with no saline conditions. Plants took up 25% higher N in I2 compared with other irrigation levels. Furthermore, N uptake by plants decreased by an average of 18% under salinity condition indicating that higher N application rate above the required level under saline water application put the environment at the risk of groundwater N contamination. Results of this study confirmed the fact that Na+ accumulation in soil was more detrimental than Cl- accumulation for maize irrigated with saline water. Besides, according to threshold values for soil ions, the optimum levels of irrigation and N fertilizer for maize might be lower under saline water application. Furthermore, based on the grain yield reduction coefficient, maize required a higher level of K+ and K+/Na+ under deficit saline water irrigation for avoiding yield losses.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

واکنش ذرت به سطوح آب، شوری و نیتروژن: تجمع یون ها در خاک و گیاه

Authors [Persian]

  • ابوالفضل عزیزیان 1
  • علیرضا سپاسخواه 2
1 بخش مهندسی آب ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ج. ا. ایران
2 بخش مهندسی آب ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران مرکز مطالعات خشکسالی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

در این مطالعه برخی جنبه های عدم تعادل عناصر غذایی، سمیت ویژه یونی و ارتباط محصول با غلظت یون­ها برای گیاه ذرت تحت تیمارهای آب، ازت و شوری بررسی شد. اثر سطوح آب آبیاری ( 1.0ETc+0.25ETc=I1 بعنوان آبشویی، 0.75I1=I2 و 0.5I1=I3) بعنوان فاکتور اصلی، شوری آب آبیاری (0.6=S1، 2.0=S2 و 4.0 dS/m=S3) بعنوان فاکتور فرعی اول و ازت (0=N1، 150=N2 و 300 kg N ha-1=N3) بعنوان فاکتور فرعی دوم روی ذرت (رقم SC704) تحت یک آزمایش کرت­های دوبار خرد شده  در سه تکرار در سال-های 1388 و 1389 بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تجمع املاح در خاک در تیمار I2 نسبت به دیگر تیمارهای آبیاری 4/28% بیشتر بود. غلظت نیترات خاک نیز در تیمارهای I3 و S1 نسبت به دیگر تیمارهای آب و شوری به ترتیب 83 و 10% بیشتر بود. هیچ­گونه کمبود K+ ناشی از شوری مشاهده نشد درحالی­که شوری منجر به کاهش معنی­دار نسبت K+/Na+ در مقایسه به بقیه تیمار‌ها گردید. گیاه در تیمار I2 نسبت به دیگر تیمارهای آبی 25% بیشتر ازت جذب کرد. بعلاوه جذب ازت توسط گیاه در شرایط کاربرد آب شور کاهش یافت که حاکی از خطر آلودگی آب زیرزمینی با نیترات آبشویی شده می­باشد. نتایج مؤید این واقعیت بود که تجمع Na+ در خاک نسبت به Cl- برای ذرت مضرتر است. همچنین حدود آستانه یونی در خاک حاکی از این بود که سطوح بهینه آب و ازت برای ذرت در شرایط شور ممکن است کمتر باشد. بعلاوه بر اساس شیب کاهش عملکرد، ذرت به مقادیر بیشتری از K+ و K+/Na+ برای عدم کاهش عملکرد ناشی در شرایط شور نیاز دارد.  

Keywords [Persian]

  • تجمع یونها
  • غلظت آستانه
  • تنش آبی
  • شوری و نیتروژن
  • کاهش عملکرد

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 39, Issue 1
March 2020
Pages 1-12

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