Analysis of 2,4-D residues in soil profile using HYDRUS-1D model

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT- Despite the benefits of herbicides, their persistence in soil can harm other plants in next rotations and contaminate ground water. The main purpose of this research is to simulate 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D) movement in silty clay loam soil using HYDRUS-1D model in a corn root zone. The maximum contaminant level goal, MCLG, of 2,4-D in water resources is 10 ppb. The 3.5 kg a.i ha-1 of 2,4-D was applied to the experimental field under two irrigation treatments including normal and deficit irrigation. The presence of 2,4-D along with soil water content was measured in soil profile at different depths during the growing season at 8, 13, 23, 30, 37 and 57 days after application. Both measured and simulated data showed that 2,4-D concentrations reduced from top to bottom of soil profile, maximum 40 cm in both irrigation treatments. The 2,4-D residues in normal and deficit irrigation were used for calibration and validation of HYDRUS-1D model, respectively. In general, total measured and simulated 2,4-D concentration in normal irrigation treatment were 68.94 and 64.96 mg kg-1and in deficit irrigation treatment were 74.3 and 74.0 mg kg-1, respectively. Statistical parameters including NRMSE, CRM and d were used for comparison of measured and simulated data. These parameters were 0.267, 0.77 and 0.846 for normal irrigation and 0.189, -0.02 and 0.937 for deficit regime, respectively. Therefore, the results showed a good agreement between measured values of herbicide residue and the values simulated using HYDRUS 1D model. The numerical simulations for deficit irrigation regime were more precise than normal irrigation because of less microbial activity due to less soil moisture. The numerical models could not simulate microbial activity with acceptable accuracy.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

تجزیه و تحلیل علف کش 2,4-D در نیمرخ خاک با استفاده از مدل HYDRUS-1D

Authors [Persian]

  • مسعود نوشادی
  • پریا ترکمان
گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز ، ج. ا. ایران
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده-علیرغم فواید بسیار علف کشها، پایداری آنها در خاک می تواند به گیاهان در کشت های بعدی صدمه زده و باعث آلودگی خاک و آبهای زیر زمینی گردد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق شبیه سازی حرکت علف کش 2,4-D در یک خاک سیلتی رسی لوم با استفاده از مدل HYDRUS-1D در مزرعه ذرت می باشد. مقدار 5/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار 2,4-D خالص     تحت دو رژیم کم آبیاری و  آبیاری کامل به خاک اضافه شد و باقیمانده آن در نیمرخ خاک در 8، 13، 23،30، 37 و 57 روز پس از کاربرد اندازه گیری گردید. داده های اندازه گیری شده و شبیه سازی شده نشان داد که غلظتهای 2,4-D از سطح به عمق کاهش یافته و در هر دو رژیم آبیاری حداکثر تا عمق 40 سانتی متری خاک نشت کرد. مقادیر باقیمانده 2,4-Dدر خاک در تیمارهای آبیاری کامل و کم آبیاری بترتیب برای واسنجی و اعتبار سنجی مدل  HYDRUS-1D  استفاده شد. غلظت کل اندازه گیری شده و شبیه سازی شده در نیمرخ خاک در رژیم آبیاری کامل بترتیب 94/68 و 96/64 میلی گرم در کیلو گرم خاک و در رژیم کم آبیاری بترتیب 3/74 و 0/74 میلی گرم در کیلو گرم خاک بود. از پارامترهای آماری  d, CRM و  NRMSE برای مقایسه نتایج شبیه سازی و اندازه گیری استفاده گردید. این پارامترها برای آبیاری کامل بترتیب 85/0 ، 27 /0 ، 77/0 و  برای کم آبیاری بترتیب 94/0 ، 19/0 و 02/0 بود. بنابراین نتایج نشان داد که تطابق خوبی بین مقادیر اندازه گیری شده و شبیه سازی شده توسط مدل HYDRUS-1D  وجود داشت. نتایج شبیه سازی  برای رژیم کم آبیاری دقیقتر از آبیاری کامل بود که دلیل آن می تواند فعالیت کمتر میکروبی در خاک به دلیل کاهش رطوبت خاک در رژیم کم آبیاری باشد. به طور کلی مدلها قادر به شبیه سازی دقیق فعالیت های میکروبی نیستند. بنابراین در کم آبیاری که این فعالیت کمتر بوده است، نتایج  شبیه سازی بهتر شده است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • باقیمانده 4-D
  • ذرت
  • آبیاری
  • خاک
  • شبیه سازی

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Iran Agricultural Research
Volume 37, Issue 1
June 2018
Pages 31-40

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