Effect of plant density and different irrigation strategieson crop yield and canopy cover of red beans, Phaseolusvulgaris L. cv. Akhtar

Document Type : Full Article

Authors

Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT- In order to study the effects of different irrigation regimes and plant density on yield and yield components of bean, a split plot arrangement was conducted in complete randomized block design during two years. The foremost variable was four levels of irrigation: 60, 80, 100, and 120% of the potential evapotranspiration. The second variable was within the row spacing of 5 cm (D1), 10 cm (D2) and 15 cm (D3) in three replications. The dry biomass and yield of bean were shown to be significantly affected by the difference within row spacing and irrigation. Results indicated that the dry biomass and grain yield increased when the density of planting and irrigation increased. In 2013, the maximum yield was 3061.8 kg ha-1, occurring at 120% of potential evapotranspiration and the 5 cm within row spacing. The maximum water use efficiency was 0.33 kg m-3, occurring at 100% of potential evapotranspiration and the 5 cm within row spacing. Minimum yield and water use efficiency under the condition of 60% potential evapotranspiration and within row spacing of 15 cm were 834.2 kg ha-1 and0.12 kg m-3, respectively. With respect to 100% potential evapotranspiration and within row spacing of 5 cm in 2014, the maximum yield and water use efficiency were 3305.2 kg ha-1 and 0.34 kg m-3, respectively. Minimum yield and water use efficiency were 1150.0 kg ha-1 and 0.17 kg m-3, respectively for 60% potential evapotranspiration and within row spacing of 15 cm.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

اثر تراکم کاشت و چهار استراتژی آبیاری بر عملکرد و پوشش سبز گیاه لوبیا قرمز، رقم اختر

Authors [Persian]

  • مریم آسمان رفعت
  • تورج هنر
گروه آبیاری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ج. ا. ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

چکیده-به منظور بررسی اجزای عملکرد لوبیا قرمز رقم اختر، آزمایشهایی  در سال 1392 و 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز در قالب کرت­های خرد شده در چهار سطح آبیاری و سه سطح فاصله کاشت در سه تکرار اجرا شد. در این تحقیق فاکتور اول مورد بررسی چهار سطح آبیاری در سطوح I1 ، I2 ، I3 و I4 (120، 100، 80 ، 60 درصد تبخیر- تعرق واقعی) و فاکتور دوم فاصله کاشت روی ردیف به میزان 5، 10 و 15 سانتی متربود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه در فواصل مختلف کاشت و آبیاری دارای اختلاف معنی­دار می­باشند. نتایج نشان می­دهد که ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه با افزایش تراکم و آبیاری افزایش می­یابد. در این تحقیق بیشترین عملکرد در سال 1392 مربوط به آبیاری 120 درصد میزان تبخیر تعرق واقعی با فاصله کاشت 5 سانتی­متر، به مقدار 8/3061 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و وبیشترین میزان راندمان مصرف آب مربوط به آبیاری 100 درصد میزان تبخیر تعرق واقعی با فاصله کاشت 5 سانتی­متر،  33/0 کیلوگرم بر ­متر مربع و کمترین عملکرد مربوط به آبیاری 60 درصد میزان تبخیر تعرق واقعی و راندمان مصرف آب با فاصله کاشت 15 سانتی­متر، به ترتیب برابر با 2/834 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و 12/0 کیلوگرم بر ­متر مربع حاصل گردید و در سال 1393 بیشترین عملکرد و راندمان مصرف آب مربوط به آبیاری 100 درصد میزان تبخیر تعرق واقعی با فاصله کاشت 5 سانتی­متر، به ترتیب به مقدار 2/3305 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و 34/0 کیلوگرم بر ­متر مربع و کمترین عملکرد و کارایی راندمان مصرف آب مربوط به آبیاری 60 درصد میزان تبخیر تعرق واقعی با فاصله کاشت 15 سانتی­متر، به ترتیب برابر با 0/1150 کیلوگرم بر هکتار و 17/0  کیلوگرم بر ­متر مربع حاصل گردید.

Keywords [Persian]

  • واژه های کلیدی:
  • لوبیا
  • فاصله کاشت
  • آبیاری
  • عملکرد
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