ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Qualitative characteristics of sugar beet as affected by different broadleaf herbicides combinations
ABSTRACT-Several herbicides are registered for selective weed control in sugar beet; however, no single chemical herbicide can control all weeds in beet fields. Frequently, two or more herbicides may have to be combined sequentially or as tank mixed to achieve adequate broad-spectrum weed control. In order to evaluate the effects of some combinations of broadleaf herbicides on sugar beet yield and quality, a field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Miandoaab Agricultural Research Station during 2009-2010 growing season. The results showed that weed competition decreased root yield up to 84%. The maximum root yield (73.66 tha-1) was obtained from 4.5 kgha-1metamitron application at 2-to 4-leaf stage and the minimum root yield was obtained in the control (20.66tha-1). The herbicide treatments had a significant effect on white sugar content so that the highest white sugar yield was achieved from bettanal Progress Am herbicide (10.9 tha-1) and the lowest white sugar yield was found in control treatment (1.49 tha-1). The lowest sodium, potassium, amino-nitrogen as well as molasses content were obtained from phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate and the highest value for the above parameters was observed in control treatment. Generally, weed competition led to decreasing root yield and sugar content and treatment bettanal Progress Am herbicide was recommended to control broadleaf weeds.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4126_4042291e0b217d9ab94610e6c30406d7.pdf
2023-02-20
1
6
10.22099/iar.2017.4126
Keywords:
Bettanal Progress Am
Herbicide
molasses
White sugar
M.
Majidi
mohammadmajidi2015@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Departmentof Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R.Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gh.
Heidari
2
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran.
AUTHOR
Y.
Emam
3
Departmentof Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R.Iran
AUTHOR
Abbaspoor, M., Teicher, H.B., & Streibig, J.C. (2008). The effect of root-absorbed PSII inhibitors on Kautsky curve parameters in sugar beet. Journal of Weed Research, 46, 226–235.
1
Abdollahi, F., & Ghadiri, H. (2004). Effect of separate and combined applications of herbicides on weed control and yield of sugar beet. Journal of Weed Technology, 18, 968–976.
2
Ashrafi, Z.Y., Mashhadi, H.R., Sadeghi, S., & Blackshaw, R.E. (2009). Study effects of planting methods and tank mixed herbicides on weeds controlling and wheat yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1, 101-111.
3
Blackshaw, R.E., O’Donovan, J.T., Harker, K.N., Clayton, G.W., & Stougaard, R.T. (2006). Reduced herbicide doses in field crops. A review. Journal of Weed Biology Management,6, 10–17.
4
Dale, T.M., & Renner, K.A. (2005). Timing of post emergence micro-rate applications based on growing degree days in sugar beet. Journal of Sugar Beet Research, 42, 87-102.
5
Dale, T.M., McGrath, J.M., & Renner, K.A. (2005). Response of sugar beet varieties and populations to post emergence herbicides. Journal of Sugar Beet Research, 42,119-126.
6
Deveikyte, I., & Seibutis, V. (2006). Broadleaf weeds and sugar beet response to phenmedipham, desmedipham, ethofumesate and triflusulfuron-methyl. Agronomy Research, 4 (Special issue),159–162.
7
Deveikyte, I., & Seibutis, V. (2008). The influence of post-emergence herbicides combinations on broad-leaved weeds in sugar beet. Žemdirbystė Mokslodarbai LŽI Akademija, 95, 43–49.
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Dieleman, J.A., & Mortensen, D.A. (1998). Influence of weed biology and ecology on development of reduced dose strategies for integrated weed management systems. Journal of Weed and Soil Management, 53, 333-362.
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Heidari, G.h., Dabbagh MohammadiNasab, A ., Javanshir, A., RahimzadehKhoie, F., & Moghaddam, M. (2007). Influence of redroot pigweed (Amaranthusretroflexus L.) emergence time and density on yield and quality of two sugar beet cultivars. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 5, 261-266.
12
Jafarnia, B., Ghorbani, R., Zare Feizabady, A., & Ghaemi, A. (2013). Impact of crop density and soil fertilization on sugar beet. Agriculture and Crop Science, 5, 2991-2999.
13
Lajos, K., & Lajos, M. (2000). Weed control with reduced herbicide applications in sugar beets Hungary. Journal Plant Disease and Protection, 7, 623–627.
14
Majidi, M., Heidari, G., & Mohammadi, K. (2011). Management of broad- leaved weeds by combination of herbicides in sugar beet production. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(10), 3302-3306.
15
May, M. (2001). Crop protection in sugar beet. Pesticide Outlook, 12, 188–191.
16
Mehmeti, A. (2004) Three-year average effects of herbicides on weeds in potato and the yield of the crop.Herbologia, 5(1), 2004.
17
Petersen, J. (2004). Rotary band seeding glyphosate resistant sugar beet into dead and living mulch. International Institute of Sugar Beet Research 67th Congress, Bruxelles: 115—129.
18
Poorazar, R., & Ghadiri, H. (2001). Competition of wild oat (Avenafatua L.) with three wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars in greenhouse: Plant density effect. Iran. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 3, 59-72.
19
Prodoehl, K.A., & Campbell, L.G. (1992). Phenmedipham + desmedipham effects on sugar beet. Agronomy Journal, 84,1002–1025.
20
RashedMohassel, M.H., Najafi, H., & Akbarzadeh, D. (2001). Biology and weed control. Ferdowsi Univeesity of Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran.
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Schwizer, E.E., & May, M.J. (1993). Weeds and weed control. In Cooke, D.A. and Scott, R.K. (eds). The Sugar Beet Crop: Science into Practice. Chapman and Hall, London: 485-519.
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Wilson, R.G., Smith, J.A., & Yonts, C.D. (2005). Repeated reduced rates of broadleaf herbicides in combination with methylated seed oil for post emergence weed control in sugar beet (Betavulgaris). Journal of Weed Technology, 19, 855–860.
27
Wittenbach, V.A.m., Koeppe, M.K and Lichtner, F.T .1994. Basis of selectivity of Triflusulfuron methyl in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 49, 72–81.
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Zhang, J., Hamill, A.S., & Weaver, S.E. (1995). Antagonism and synergism between herbicides: trends from previous studies. Weed Technology, 9, 86–90.
29
Zoschke, A., & Quadranti, M. (2002). Integrated weed management: Quo vadis? Weed Biology and Management, 2(1), 1-10.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Potato yield and tuber quality as affected by gibberellic acid and zinc sulfate
Abstract Obtaining high potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield through increased number and weight of quality tubers is important for farmers while the quality factors are of interest for food processing industries. Potato processing industries require high quality tubers having the highest possible dry matter, starch and protein contents. A two-year field study was carried out as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design during 2013 and 2014. Gibberellic acid (GA3 at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg·L-1 levels) and zinc sulfate (at 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg·L-1 levels) were foliar sprayed on potato plants 20 and 50 days after tuber sprouting, respectively. There was no significant difference in all measured criteria between two years of experiment. Comparing to control, a 38% increase in total tuber yield resulted from treatment with 200 mg·L-1 GA3 and 1000 mg·L-1 zinc sulfate. The greatest tuber dry matter content (24.33 g·100g-1 fw) obtained from 200 mg·L-1 GA3 plus 2000 mg·L-1 zinc sulfate treatment, while the highest starch contents (32.56 % tuber fresh weight) was obtained from sole application of zinc sulfate at 2000 mg·L-1.Application of GA3 at 400 mg·L-1 and zinc sulfate at 2000 mg·L-1resulted the highest tuber crude protein content of 8.37% tuber dry weight which was over twice as control treatment. Manipulating plant nutrition and fertilization could be used as a powerful tool to obtain desired quality and quantity of potato tuber.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3881_6428b6889beb78c34e88de6802297cee.pdf
2023-02-20
7
12
10.22099/iar.2016.3881
Keywords: Seed tuber
starch
tuber crude protein
tuberization
Jamal
Javanmardi
javanm@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Rasuli
2
Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Abdala, G., Castro, G., Miersch, O., & Pearce, D. (2000). Changes in jasmonate and gibberellin levels during development of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum), Plant Growth Regulators, 36(2), 121-126.
1
Alexopoulos, A.A., Akoumianakis, K.A., & Passam, H.C. (2006). The effect of the time and mode of application of gibberellic acid on the growth and yield of potato plants derived from true potato seed. The Science of Food and Agriculture, 86(13), 2189-2195.
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AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists). (1984). Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Washington, DC.
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Cakmak, I., Pfeiffer, W.H., & McClafferty, B. (2010). Review: Biofortification of durum wheat with Zinc and Iron. Cereal Chemistry, 87(1), 10-20.
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Cao, H., & Shannon, J.C. (1997). Effect of gibberellin on growth, protein secretion, and starch accumulation in maize endosperm suspension cells. Plant Growth Regulation, 16(3), 137-140.
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Ewing, E.E. (1995). The role of hormones in potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) tuberization. In P. J. Davies (Ed.). Plant Hormones: Springer Netherlands.
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Ewing, E.E. (1997). Potato. In H. C. Wien (Ed.), The physiology of vegetable crops (pp. 295-343). London: CAB International.
8
Javanmardi, J.,& Rasuli, F. (2010). Interaction of GA3 and Zinc sulfate on vegetative characteristics of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences,10, 32-38.
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Kaur, S., Gupta, A.K., & Kaur, N. (1998). Gibberellic acid and kinetin partially reverse the effect of water stress on germination and seedling growth in chickpea. Plant Growth Regulation, 25(1), 29-33.
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Kolomiets, M.V., Hannapel, D.J., Chen, H., Tymeson, M., & Gladon, R.J. (2001). Lipoxygenase is involved in the control of potato tuber development. The Plant Cell Online, 13(3), 613-626.
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Mares, D.J., Marscfaner, H., & Krauss, A. (1981). Effect of gibberellic acid on growth and carbohydrate metabolism of developing tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Physiologia Plantarum, 52(2), 267-274.
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Pont Lezica, R. (1970). Evolution des substances de type gibbérellines chez la pomme de terre pendant la tubérisation, en relation avec la longueur du jour et la température. Potato Research, 13(4), 323-331.
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Premabatidevi, R.K. (1998). Effect of IAA, GA3 and kinetin on nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in the leaves of a tree legume (Parkia javanica Merr.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(2), 97-101.
15
Puzina, T.I. (2004). Effect of zinc sulfate and boric acid on the hormonal status of potato plants in relation to tuberization. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 51(2), 209-215.
16
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Sarkar, D. (2008). The signal transduction pathways controlling in planta tuberization in potato: an emerging synthesis. Plant Cell Reports, 27(1), 1-8.
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Shah, S.H, & Ahmad, I. (2007). Responses of Nigella sativa to foliar application of gibberellic acid and kinetin. Biologia Plantarum, 51(3), 563-566.
19
Sharma, N., Kaur, N., & Gupta, A.K. (1998). Effect of chlorocholine chloride sprays on the carbohydrate composition and activities of sucrose metabolising enzymes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant Growth Regulation, 26(2), 97-103.
20
Song, C.Z., Liu, M.Y., Meng, J.F., Chi, M., Xi, Z.M., & Zhang, Z.W. (2015). Promoting effect of foliage sprayed zinc sulfate on accumulation of sugar and phenolics in berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot growing on zinc deficient soil. Molecules, 20(2), 2536-2554.
21
Tauberger, E., Fernie, A.R., Emmermann, M., Renz, A., Kossmann, J., Willmitzer, L., & Trethewey, R.N. (2000). Antisense inhibition of plastidial phosphoglucomutase provides compelling evidence that potato tuber amyloplasts import carbon from the cytosol in the form of glucose 6 phosphate. The Plant Journal, 23(1), 43-53.
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Taylor, M.A., Mad Arif, S.A., Kumar, A., Davies, H.V., Scobie, L.A., Pearce, S.R., & Flavell, A.J. (1992). Expression and sequence analysis of cDNAs induced during the early stages of tuberisation in different organs of the potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant Molecular Biology, 20(4), 641-651.
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24
Tsegaw, T. (2006). Effect of paclobutrazol on tuberization and other growth stages in potato. (Ph.D. Thesis), University of Pretoria.
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Van Gelder, W.M.J. (1981). Conversion factor from nitrogen to protein for potato tuber protein. Potato Research, 24(4), 423-425.
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Vreugdenhil, D., & Helder, H. (1992). Hormonal and metabolic control of tuber formation. In: CM. Karssen, L.C. van Loon and D. Vreugdenhil (eds.), Progress inPlant Growth Regulation. The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
27
Xu, S., Li, J., Zhang, X., Wei, H., & Cui, L. (2006). Effects of heat acclimation pretreatment on changes of membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant metabolites, and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in two cool-season turfgrass species under heat stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56, 274-285.
28
Xu, X., van Lammeren, A.A.M., Vermeer, E., & Vreugdenhil, D. (1998). The role of gibberellin, abscisic acid, and sucrose in the regulation of potato tuber formation in vitro. Plant Physiology, 117(2), 575.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of plant density and different irrigation strategieson crop yield and canopy cover of red beans, Phaseolusvulgaris L. cv. Akhtar
ABSTRACT- In order to study the effects of different irrigation regimes and plant density on yield and yield components of bean, a split plot arrangement was conducted in complete randomized block design during two years. The foremost variable was four levels of irrigation: 60, 80, 100, and 120% of the potential evapotranspiration. The second variable was within the row spacing of 5 cm (D1), 10 cm (D2) and 15 cm (D3) in three replications. The dry biomass and yield of bean were shown to be significantly affected by the difference within row spacing and irrigation. Results indicated that the dry biomass and grain yield increased when the density of planting and irrigation increased. In 2013, the maximum yield was 3061.8 kg ha-1, occurring at 120% of potential evapotranspiration and the 5 cm within row spacing. The maximum water use efficiency was 0.33 kg m-3, occurring at 100% of potential evapotranspiration and the 5 cm within row spacing. Minimum yield and water use efficiency under the condition of 60% potential evapotranspiration and within row spacing of 15 cm were 834.2 kg ha-1 and0.12 kg m-3, respectively. With respect to 100% potential evapotranspiration and within row spacing of 5 cm in 2014, the maximum yield and water use efficiency were 3305.2 kg ha-1 and 0.34 kg m-3, respectively. Minimum yield and water use efficiency were 1150.0 kg ha-1 and 0.17 kg m-3, respectively for 60% potential evapotranspiration and within row spacing of 15 cm.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4145_66e0ac78fc4e0499efa453dd02415e6f.pdf
2023-02-20
13
22
10.22099/iar.2017.4145
Keywords:
Bean
Row spacing
Irrigation
Yield
M.
Asemanrafat
ma_aseman1360@yahoo.com
1
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
T.
Honar
2
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Cakir, R., (2004). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Resources, 89, 1-16.
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Carlos, P., Sigfredo, F., Samuel, O., Jaime, G., & Jose, A. (2015). Digital cover Photography for Estimating Leaf Area Index (LAI) in Apple Trees Using a Variable Light Extinction Coefficient. Sensors Journal, 15, 2860-2872.
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Chason, J.W., Baldocchi, D.D., & Huston, M.A. (1991). Comparison of direct and indirect methods for estimating forest canopy leaf-area. Agriculture Forest Meteorology, 57, 107–128.
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DeJesus, W.C., DoVale, F.X.R., Coelho, R.R., & Costa, L.C. (2001). Comparison of two methods for estimating leaf area index on common bean. Agronomy Journal, 93 (5) 989-991.
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Emam, Y., Shekoofa, A., Salehi, F., & Jalali, A.H. (2010). Water Stress Effects on Two Common Bean Cultivars with Contrasting Growth Habits. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 9(5), 495-499.
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Fateh, A., Sharifzadeh, F., Mazaheri, D., & Baghestani, M.A. (2006). Evaluation of competition commonlambsquarters and corn planting on yield and yield component corn (SC704). Research. Construction Journal, 73, 87-95.
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Ghassemi Golezani, K., Farhanghi Abriz, S., Hassannejad, S., & Hassanpour Bourkheili, S. (2014). Some physiological responses of bean atdifferent plant densities to water deficit. International Journal of Biosciences, (4), 2220-6655.
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12
Karam, F., Masaad, R., Sfeir, T., Mounzer, O., & Rouphael, Y. (2005). Evapotranspiration and seed yield of field grown soybean under deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 75, 226-244.
13
Macfarlane, C., Hoffman, M., Eamus, D., Kerp, N., Higginson, S., Mcmurtrie, R., & Adams, M. (2007). Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest using digital photography. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 143 (3-4), 176-188.
14
Majnoon Hosseini, N. (2008). Agriculture and grain production. Fourth edition, Tehran University Press.
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Payero, J.O., Melvin, S.R., Irmak, I., & Tarkalson, D. (2006). Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semiarid climate. Agricultural Water Management, 84(1-2), 101-112.
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Ramos, M.L.G., Gordon, A.J., Minchin, F.R., Sprent, J.I., & Parson, P. (1999). Effect of water stress on nodule physiology and biochemistry of a drought tolerant cultivar of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Annals of Botany, 83, 57-63.
18
Razzaghi, F., & Sepaskhah, A.R. (2012). Calibration and validation of four common ETo estimation equations by lysimeter data in a semi-arid environment. Arch. Agronomy. Soil Science, 58, 303-319.
19
Rezaei, A., Yazdanpanah, M., Khosrotaj, Z., Bahreman, Z., Poureidi, S., Rashnavadi, R., & Khosravi, B. (2014). Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of pea hybrids. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4 (4), 324-327.
20
Simsek, M., Comlekcioglu, N., & Ozturk, I. (2011). The effect of the regulated deficit irrigation on yield and some yield component of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under semi arid condition. African Journal of biotechnology, 4057-4064.
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Singh, D.P., Singh, P., Sharma, H.C., & Turner, N.C. (1998). Influence of water deficit on the water relation, canopy gas exchange and yield of chickpea. Field Crops Research, 16, 231-241.
22
Sirait, Y., Pill, W.G., & Kee, W.E. (1994). Lima bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) response to irrigation and plant population densities. Hortscience, 29(2), 71-73.
23
TorabiJafroudi, A.,FayezMoghadam, A., Hasanzade, A., & Rahmanzade, S.H. (2007). Row spacing and Inter Row spacing effects on some agro- physiological traits of two common bean cultivars. Biological Science, 10(24), 4543-4546.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Field evaluation of a grain drill equipped with jointers for direct planting in previous wheat crop residues
ABSTRACT-In conventional agriculture, a large amount of energy is consumed in fuel consumption and depreciation of farm tractors and any other farm equipment mostly in tillage and planting operations. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate a till-planting unit equipped with three jointers. This unit was expected to act as conventional furrow openers such as shovel openers tilling the soil and plant simultaneously, which could reduce farm traffic and farming costs. The unit performance was compared to that of a grain drill. The control experiment was conducted on a moldboard plowed soil, disked by a tandem disk harrow and planted by a pneumatic grain drill. The experimental site was also covered with previous wheat crop residue and the soil was clay with loam at 15.2% d.b. moisture content. The working depth was 6 and 20 cm for direct planting and conventional system, respectively. The experiments were performed at three tractor forward speeds (4, 6 and 8 km h-1) in triplicate in the Experiment Site of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Results indicated that the direct planting system reduced the operation time, fuel consumption, draft and specific drawbar energy 65, 60, 75 and 80%, respectively as compared to the conventional practice. However, values of the mean weight diameter and seedling growth rate did not show any significant difference in the two cases at 5% level. Furthermore, moisture retention in direct planting system increased 1.87% per 10 days as compared with the conventional farming system.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4117_cc3f5991335b8da4c3e0ba2a9cda1d4c.pdf
2023-02-20
23
30
10.22099/iar.2017.4117
Keywords:
Direct planting system
Fuel consumption
Jointer
Operation time
Specific drawbar energy
S.
Abdollahpour
1
Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
S.M.H.
Karparvarfard
karparvr@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bernacki, H., Haman, J., & Kanafojski, C.Z. (1972). Agricultural machines theory and construction. USA: U.S Department of Commerce, Springfield.
1
Chen, H., Hou, R., Gong, Y., Li, H., Fan, M., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2009). Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China. Soil and Tillage Research, 106, 85–94.
2
Coughenour, C.M. (2003). Innovating conservation agriculture: the case of no-till cropping. Rural Sociology, 68 (2), 278-304.
3
Davies, D.B., & Finney, J.B. (2002). Reduced cultivations for cereals: research, development and advisory needs under changing economic circumstances. HGCA Research Review, 48, 1-59.
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Graham, J.P., & Ellis, F.B. (1980). The merits of precision drilling and broadcasting for the establishment of cereal crops in Britain. ADAS Quarterly Review, 38, 160-169.
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Jenane, C., Bashford, L.L., & Monroe, G. (1996). Reduction of fuel consumption through Improved tractive. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 64(2), 131-138.
6
Kabiri, K., & Zarean, S. (2002). Evaluation of draft requirement and soil inversion of moldboard plow at different levels of speed and plowing depth. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 9(2), 129-138. (In Persian).
7
Kemper, W.D., & Chepil, W.S. (1995). Size distribution of aggregates. In Black, C. A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I: Physical and Mineralogical Properties. Madison: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America.
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Liljedahl, J.B., Carleton, W.M., Turnquist, P.K., & Smith, W. (1989). Tractorsand their power units. (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley&Sons.
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Maleki, s. (2002). Deck modeling for seismic analysis of skewed slab-girder bridges, Engineering Structures, Volume 24, Issue 10, October 2002, Pages 1315-1326
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Matthes, R.K., Watson, W.F., Savelle, I.W., & Sirois, D.L. (1988). Effect of load and speed on fuel consumption of a rubber-tired skidder. Transactions of the ASAE, 31(1), 37-39.
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Noggle, G.R., & Fritz, G.J. (1976). Introductory plant physiology. Minnesota: Prentice-Hall.
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OECD Standards Code 2. (2012). Oecd standards code for the official testing of agricultural and forestry tractor performance.
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Papendick, R. (2002). Managing soil cover and roughness. Farming with the wind. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University.
14
Peruzzi, M., Raffaelli, M., & Ciolo, S.D. (1996). Evaluation of the performances of a peculiar combined machine for direct drilling and two no-till drills for hard winter wheat and maize cultivation. International conference on agricultural Engineering. Madrid.
15
Regional Network for Agricultural Machinery. (1983). RNAM Test Codes and Procedures of Farm Machinery. Technical Series No. 12. Bangkok, Thailand.
16
Spoor, G. & J. Godwin. 1978. An experimental investigation into the deep loosening of soil by rigid tines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 23:243-258.
17
Stroosnijder, L. (2009). Modifying land management in order to improve efficiency of rainwater use in the African highlands. Soil and Tillage Research, 103, 247-256.
18
Subbulakshmi, S., Harisudan, C., Saravanan, N., & Subbian, P. (2009). Conservation tillage – an ecofriendly management practices for agriculture. Research Journal of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, 5(6), 1098–1103.
19
Taki, O. (1996). Evaluate and compare the distribution patterns of irrigated wheat seed planting using tillage-planting device. MSc. thesis. Shiraz University. Faculty of Agriculture. (In Persian)
20
Tebrugge, F., Bohrnsen, A. (2001). Farmers and experts opinion on no-tillage in Western Europe and Nebraska. In GarciaTorres, L., Benites, J., & Martinez Vilela, A. (Eds), Conservation Agriculture. A World-wide Challenge. Netherlands: Springer.
21
Ward, R.C., Robinson, M. (1990). Principles of Hydrology. Maidenhead: McGraw- Hill.
22
YounesiAlamouti, M., & Sharifi, B. (2011). Evaluation and determination of power amount, fuel required and some physical properties of soil in several tillage methods. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2(1), 18-11. (In Persian)
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Estimation of zeolite application effect on solute transport parameters at different soils using HYDRUS-1D model
ABSTRACT-Application of models for simulation of solute and pollutants transport in soil can reduce time and costs for remediation process. HYDRUS-1D model was developed to simulate the one–dimensional flow of soil water, heat, solute and viruses in variably saturated–unsaturated porous media. The objective of this investigation is to determine the solute transport parameters in disturbed soil columns with different textures at different rates of zeolite application using HYDRUS-1D model. For this study, the loam soil, the sandy loam soil and the clay loam soil with zeolite application rates of 0 (control) and 8 g kg-1 were used. The approximate concentration of effluents measured by other investigators (0-2.26 mg cm-3) is used to determine the transport parameters. The value of immobile water content (θim) decreased and the value of hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient increased in lighter soil texture. According to hydraulic parameters considered and regression equation proposed by other researchers, the decreasing trend of θim is valid with increasing saturated hydraulic conductivity. The predicted dispersivity (λ) in control treatment was in the range of value of λ for disturbed soil reported by other researchers. The trend of solute transport parameters calculated by breakthrough curve using the analytical method by other researchers is similar to the estimated values by the HYDRUS-1D model. The values of Willmott’s agreement index are more than 90% for all soil treatments and normalized root mean square error is about 20% for most treatments that indicated the good accuracy of model for predicting solute transport coefficients.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4107_5925714a8b712b6630cc409ca091682a.pdf
2023-02-20
31
40
Keywords:
Chloride
Inverse simulation
HYDRUS-1D
Solute transport parameters
Zeolite
maliheh
fooladi dorhani
malihe_foladi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. R.
Sepaskhah
2
Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasi F., Simunek, J., Feyen, J., vanGenuchten, M.T., Shouse, P.J., & Bowman, A. (2003). Simultaneous inverse estimation of soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters from transient field experiments: homogeneous soil. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 46(4), 1085-1095.
1
Abu Zreig, M., & Abu Ashour, J. (2004). Chloride and atrazine transport through saturated soil columns. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 86, 181-190
2
Clothier, B.E., Khirkham, M.B., & McLean, J.E. (1992). In situ measurements of the effective transport volume for solute moving through soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 733-736.
3
Jacques, D., Simunek, J., Mallants, D., & van Genuchten, M.T. (2002). Multicomponent transport model for variabley-saturated porous media: Application to the transport of heavy metals in soils. Proceedings of XIVth. International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWRXIV), 47, 555-562.
4
Jamieson, P.D., Porter, J.R., & Wilson, D.R. (1991). A test of computer simulation model ARC-WHEAT 1 on wheat crops grown. New Zealand Field Crop Research, 27, 337-350.
5
Jaynes, D.B., Rice, R.C., & Bowman, R.S. (1988). Independent calibration of a mechanistic-stochastic model for field-scale solute transport under flooded irrigation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52, 1541-1546.
6
Jaynes, D.B., Logsdon, S.D., & Horton, R. (1995). Field method of measuring mobile/immobile water content and solute transfer rate coefficient. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 59, 352–356.
7
Katterer, T., Schmied, B., Abbaspour, K.C., & Schulin, R. (2001). Single-and dual-porosity modeling of multiple tracer transport through soil columns:effect of intial moisture and mode of application. European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 25-36.
8
Kirkham, D,. & Powers, W.L. (1972). Advanced soil physics, New York: Wiley.
9
Moradi, A., Abbaspour, K.C., & Afyuni, M. (2005). Modling field-scale cadmium transport below the root zone of a sewage sludge amended soil in arid region of Central Iran. Contamin. Hydrology Journal, 42, 99-111.
10
Moradzadeh, M., Moazed, H., Sayyad, G.A., & Khaledian, M.R. (2014). Transport of nitrate and ammonium ions in a
11
sandy loam soil treated with potassium zeolite – Evaluating equilibrium and non-equilibrium equations. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 342-350.
12
Mualem, Y. (1976). A new method for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research, 12, 513-522.
13
Pepper, I.L., Ferguson, G.A., & Kneebone, W.R. (1982). Clinoptilolite zeolite: a new medium for turfgrass growth. In “Proceedings of ASA”. Agronomy Abstract, 145.
14
Richards, L.A. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. Agriculture Handbook no. 60. USDA: United State Department of Agriculture, Washington. Saadat, S., Sepaskhah, A.R., & Azadi, S. (2012). Zeolite effects on immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient at different soil textures. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43 (22), 2935-2946.
15
Saadat S., Sepaskhah A.R., & AzadiS. (2012).Zeolite effects on immobile water content and mass exchange coefficient at different soil textures. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,43 (22), 2935-2946.
16
Sepaskhah, A.R., & Yousefi, F. (2007). Effect of zeolite application on nitrate and ammoium retention of a loamy soil under saturated conditions. Austeralian Journal of Soil Ressearch, 45, 368-373.
17
Simunek, J., Senjna, M., & van Genuchten, M.T. (1998). HYDRUS-1D software pakage for simulation the one-dimensional movement of water, Heat and multiple solutes in variably saturated media (Vol. Research Report). California: U.S. Salinity Lab. USDA. Riverside.
18
Tabarzad, A., Sepaskhah, A.R., & Farnoud, T. (2011). Determination of chemical transport properties for different texture of undisturbed soils. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 57(8), 915-930.
19
Tafteh, A., & Sepaskhah, A.R. (2012). Application of HYDRUS-1D model for simulating water and nitrate leaching from continuous and alternate furrow irrigated rapeseed and maize fields. Agricultural Water Management, 113, 19-29.
20
van Genuchten, M.T., & Wagenet, R.J. (1989). Two-site/two-region models for pesticide transport and degradation: Theoretical development and analytical solution. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 53, 1303-1310.
21
van Genuchten, M.T., & Wierenga, P.J. (1976). Mass transfer studies in sorbing porous media. I. Analytical solutions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40, 473-481.
22
van Genuchten, M.T. (1980). A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 892-898.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An economic-risk analysis of alternative rotations by stochastic simulation in Fars province
ABSTRACT - Cultivation of legumes in crop rotations results in atmosphere nitrogen fixation. After harvesting, part of this external nitrogen remains in soil and is used by subsequent crops. This implies that producers would gain from lowering the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in their fields. In this study, stochastic simulation is used to generate probability distributions of net present value for alternative rotations by Simetar software. Moreover, the alternative rotations were ranked applying stochastic dominance with respect to function (SDRF) and stochastic efficiency with respect to function (SERF). The results of both procedures showed that cereals-oilseed with onion and legume rotation is most preferred for risk-neutral decision makers and cereals–oilseed with legumes rotation is most preferred for risk-averse decision makers. Therefore, including a legumes crop in the rotation can reduce nitrogen required by a subsequent crop and so increase the net present income associated with that rotation.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4173_8531e2ea7a4672ac6e109c0374312888.pdf
2023-02-20
41
46
10.22099/iar.2017.4173
Keywords:
Stochastic budgeting
Stochastic dominance
Stochastic efficiency
Stochastic simulation
A.
Sheikhzeinoddin
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Bakhshoodeh
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Dehghanpur
hdehghanpur@gmail.com
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bailey, D.V., & Richardson, J.W. (1985). Analysis of selected whole-farm simulation approach. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 65, 813-820.
1
Coble, K.H., Zuniga, M. & Heifner, R. (2003). Evaluation of the interactions of risk management tools for cotton and soybeans. Agricultural Systems, 75, 323-340.
2
Entz, M. (2009). Personal Communication. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Department of Plant Science.
3
Harris, T.R., & Mapp, H.P. (1986).A stochastic dominance comparison of water-conserving irrigation strategies. American Agricultural Economics Association, 68, 298-305.
4
Hignight, J.A., Watkins, K.B. & Anders, M.M. (2010). An economic risk analysis of tillage and cropping system on the Arkansas Grand Prairie. Selected paper prepared for presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting.
5
Lien, G., Størdal, S., Hardaker, J.B., & Asheim, L.J. (2007). Risk aversion and optimal forest replanting: A stochastic
6
Efficiency study. European Journal of Operational Research, 181(3), 1584-1592.
7
McLellan, A., & Carlberg, J. (2010). The economics of annual legume and double legume cover cropping in Southern Manitoba. Selected Paper, Southern. Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting February, 6-9.
8
Pandey, S. (1990). Risk-efficient irrigation strategies for wheat. Agricultural Economics, 4, 59-71.
9
Ribera, L.A., Hons, F.M., & Richardson, J.W. (2004). Tillage and cropping systems. Agronomy Journal, 96, 415-424.
10
Richardson, J.W. (2008). Simulation for applied risk management with an introduction to SIMETAR. College Station: Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University.
11
Richardson, J.W., Klose, S.L., & Gray, A.W. (2000). An applied procedure for estimating and simulating multivariate empirical (MVE) probability distributions in farm-level risk assessment and policy analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Economics, 32(2), 299-315.
12
Zuniga, M., Coble, K.H., & Heifner, R. (2001). Evaluation of hedging in the presence of crop insurance and government loan programs. Paper presented at NCR134 Conference, St. Louis, MO.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of amino acid and mycorrhiza inoculation on sweet pepper growth under greenhouse conditions
ABSTRACT- The production of greenhouse sweet pepper is increasing because of the consumer demand for sweet pepper year around. In this study, physiological characteristics of sweet pepper were evaluated in a greenhouse under different levels of arbascular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, (AMF) and various levels of amino acid (AA). Treatments included no AMF as a control (AMF1), 1000 spores (AMF2) and 2000 spores (AMF3) of the AMF and four amino acid concentrations including control (C), 3 g (AA1), 4.5 g (AA2) and 6 g (AA3) of AA. Results indicated that mycorrhiza inoculation and mixture of amino acid increased shoot and root fresh weights. AMF application did not affect transpiration, chlorophyll content, and P and K concentration; nevertheless, photosynthesis improved with AMF. Fruit quality also improved under AMF2 and AMF3 treatments. Finally, it was concluded that with higher AA concentration and 1000 spores of mycorrhiza, more positive effects on sweet pepper growth could be observed.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4163_a2894626481c47b3e9b79dbba6a90f55.pdf
2023-02-20
47
54
10.22099/iar.2017.4163
Keywords:
amino acid
Photosynthesis
Sweet pepper
Symbiosis
Yield
M.
Haghighi
mhaghighi@cc.iut.ac.ir
1
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. R.
Barzegar
2
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Al-Karaki, G.N., Hammad, R., & Rusan, M. (2001). Response of two tomato cultivars differing in salt tolerance to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 11, 43–47.
1
Aroca, R., Ruiz-Lozano, J. M., Zamarreno, A.M., Paz, J.A., Garcia-Mina, J.M., Pozo, M.J., & Lopez-Raez, J.A. (2013). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis influences strigolactone production under salinity and alleviates salt stress in lettuce plants. Plant Physiology, 170, 47– 55.
2
Baslam, M., Garmendia, I., & Goicoechea, N. (2011) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improved growth and nutritional quality of greenhouse-grown lettuce. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, 5504–5515.
3
Bassiouny, I., Mazrouh, A.Y., & Hassan, N.A. (1993). The Effect of foliar fertilizers, sucrose and GA3 on growth and yield of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Agricultural Research. Tanta University, 19(3), 645-653.
4
Bassiouny, I. (1993). The response of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) to foliar nutrition with urea and sucrose. Journal of Agricultural Research. Tanta University, 19(3), 636-643.
5
Cao, J. bX., Peng, Z.P., Huang, J.C., Yu, J.H., Li, W.N., Yang, L. X., & Lin, Z.J. (2010). Effect of foliar application of amino acid on yield and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26,162- 165.
6
Cerdán, M., Sánchez-Sánchez, A., Oliver, M., Juárez, M. and Sánchez-Andreu, J.J. (2009). Effect of foliar and root application of amino acids on iron uptake by plants. Acta Horticulturae, 830, 481-488.
7
Conversa, G., Lazzizera, C., Bonasia, A., & Elia, A.(2013).Yield and phosphorus uptake of a processing tomato crop grown at different phosphorus levels in a calcareous soil as affected by mycorrhizal inoculation under field conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 49,691–703.
8
Dakora, F.D., & Phillips, D.A. (2002). Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low-nutrient environments. Plant Soil, 245, 35-47.
9
Franco, J.A., Bañón, S., & Madrid, R. (1994). Effects of a protein hydrolysate applied by fertigation on the effectiveness of calcium as a corrector of blossom-end rot in tomato cultivated under saline conditions. Scientia Horticulture, 57, 283-292.
10
Garcia, L.A., Franco, J.A., Nicolas, N., & Vicente, R.M. (2006). Influence of amino acids in the hydroponic medium on the growth of tomato plants. Plant Nutrition, 29, 2093-2104.
11
GerickeS, & Kurmies B. (1952). Die kolorimetrische Phosphorsäure-bestimmungmit Ammonium-Vanadat-Molybdat und ihre Anwendung in der Pflanzenanalyse. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung und Bodenkunde, 59, 235-247.
12
Giovanetti, M., & Mosse, B. (1980). An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytologist, 84, 489–500.
13
Giri, B., Kapoor, R., & Mukerji, K.G. (2007). Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt stress by Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues. Microbial Ecology, 54, 753–760.
14
Green H., Larsen J., Olsson P.A., Jensen D.F., & Jacobsen I. (1999). Suppression of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum by mycelium of the arbuscular ycorrhizal fungus Glomus in traradices in root-free soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 1428–1434.
15
Haghighi, M., Mozafariyan, M., & Abdolahipour, B. (2015). Effect of cucumber mycorrhiza inoculation under low and high root temperature grown on hydroponic conditions. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology,18, 89–96.
16
Hajiboland, R., Aliasgharzadeh, N., Laiegh, S., & Poschenrieder, C. (2010). Colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. Plant Soil 331, 313–327
17
Hameeda, B., Srijana, M., Rupela, O.P., & Reddy, G. (2007). Effect of bacteria isolated from composts and macro fauna on sorghum growth and mycorrhizal colonization. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 23(6), 883-887.
18
Heuer, B. (2003). Influence of exogenous application of proline and glycinebetaine on growth of salt-stressed tomato plants. Plant Sciences. 165, 693-699.
19
Junxi, C., Zhiping, P, Jichuan, H., Junhong, Y., Wenying, L., Linxiang, Y., & Zhijun, L. (2010). Effect of foliar application of amino acid on yield and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26.162-165.
20
Klironomos, J.N. (2003). Variation in plant response to native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecology, 84, 2292–2301.
21
Liu, X., & Bush, D.R. (2006). Expression and transcriptional regulation of amino acid transporters in plants. Amino acids, 30, 113-120.
22
Liu, X.Q., Ko, K.Y., Kim, S.H., & Lee, K.S. (2008). Effect of amino acid fertilization on nitrate assimilation of leafy radish and soil chemical properties in high nitrate soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,39, 269- 281.
23
Maini, P., & Bertucci, B.M. (1999). Possibility to reduce the effects of the viruses with a biostimulant based on amino acids and peptides. Agro food Industry Hi Tech, 10, 26-28.
24
Neeraja, G. I. P., & Reddy, B.G. (2005). Effect of growth promoters on growth and yield of tomato cv. Marutham. Journal of Research Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), 33(3), 68-70.
25
Nemec, S. (1992). Plant roots as mycorrhizal fungus inoculums for citrus grown in the fields in Florida. Advance Horticultural Science, 6, 93–96.
26
Novozamsky, I., Eck, R., VanSchouwenburg, J.C., Walinga. I. (1974) Total nitrogen determination in plant material by means of the indophenol-blue method. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 22, 3–5.
27
Perner, H., Schwarz, D., Bruns, C., Mäder, P. & George, E. (2007). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and two levels of compost supply on nutrient uptake and flowering of pelargonium plants. Mycorrhiza, 17, 469-474.
28
Quilambo, O.A. (2003). The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. African Journal of Biotechnology 2, 539-546.
29
Rooney, D.C., Killham, K., Bending, G. D., Baggs, E., Weih, M., & Hodge, A. (2009). My corrhizas and biomass crops: opportunities for future sustainable development. Trends in Plant Science. 14, 542–549.
30
Vosátka, M., & Albrechtová, J. (2008). Theoretical aspects and practical uses of mycorrhizal technology in floriculture and horticulture, In: Teixeira da Silva, J.A. (ed.). Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Bbiotechnology- Advances and Topical Issues, Vol. V (pp. 466–479). Global Science Books, Takamatsu, Japan.
31
Zhu, X.C., Song, F.B., Liu, S.Q., & Liu, T.D. (2011). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on photosynthesis and water status of maize under high temperature stress. Plant Soil, 346, 189-199.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Productivity and economic efficiency of wheat in rotation with cotton
ABSTRACT- Crop rotation has many benefits for agro-ecosystems production. In order to evaluate two current rotation systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Kamalabad region of Fasa, an experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season. The rotation systems were fallow-wheat and cotton (Gossypium spp.)-wheat. Research plots were arranged as a randomized complete block design with two blocks. The results showed that seed yield and yield components of wheat were significantly affected by rotation systems. The highest and lowest seed yield and yield components (except 1000 seeds weight and biological yield) and economical value were obtained when wheat was planted after fallow and cotton, respectively. However, the estimation of rotation indices and economic value of rotation systems showed that the highest rotation duration, land use efficiency, production efficiency, and total economic value were obtained from cotton-wheat rotation. Also, the determination of effective traits in wheat yield showed that plant height, spikes per m2, seeds per spike and harvest index were highly correlated with grain yield. Therefore, although planting wheat after fallow produced more seeds, in terms of total ecosystem production and land use efficiency, this system showed lower productivity and economic efficiency compared to cotton-wheat rotation. Thus cotton-wheat rotation could be adopted by farmers for more production.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4149_bc00de47a94af7f1508bc99b01368b2b.pdf
2023-02-20
55
60
10.22099/iar.2017.4149
Keywords:
planting diversity
Land use efficiency
Triticumaestivum
Yield
jasem
aminifar
jaminifar500@gmail.com
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, I. R. Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Ramroudi
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, I. R. Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Galavi
3
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Gh.
Mohsenabadi
4
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Akram, Z., Ajmal, S.U., & Munir, M. (2008). Estimation of correlation coefficient among some yield parameters of wheat under rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(4), 1777-1781.
1
Anderson, R.I. (2008). Growth and yield of winter wheat as affected by preceding crop and crop management. Agronomy Journal, 100, 977-980.
2
Beheshti, A.R., & Soltanian, B. (2012). Assessment of the inter-and intra- specific competition of sorghum-bean intercropping using reciprocal yield approach. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 2-28(1), 1-17 (In Persion).
3
Berzsenyi, Z., Gyorffy, B., & Lap, D.Q. (2000). Effect of crop rotation and fertilisation on maize and wheat yields and yield stability in a long-term experiment. European Journal of Agronomy, 13, 225–244.
4
Bhushan, L., Ladha, J.K., Gupta, R.K., Singh, S., Tirol Padre, A., Saharawat, Y.S., Gathala, M., & Pathak, H., (2007). Saving of water and labor in a rice–wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agronomy Journal, 99, 1288–1296.
5
Brankatschk, G., & Finkbeiner, M. (2015). Modeling crop rotation in agricultural LCAs — Challenges and potential solutions. Agricultural Systems, 138, 66-76.
6
Bullock, D.G. (1992). Crop rotation. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 11, 309–326.
7
Chen, C., Payne, W.A., Smiley, R.W., & Stoltz, M.A. (2003). Yield and water use efficiency of eight wheat cultivars planted on seven dates in Northeastern Oregon. Agronomy Journal, 95, 836-843.
8
Das, T.K., Bhattacharyya, R., Sudhishri, S., Sharma, A.R., Saharawat, Y.S., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Sepat, S., Bana,R.S., Aggarwal, P., Sharma, R.K., Bhatia, A., Singh, G., Datta, S.P., Kar, A., Singh, B., Singh, P., Pathak, H., Vyas, A.K., & Jat, M.L. (2014). Conservation agriculture in an irrigated cotton–wheat system of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains: crop and water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 158, 24–33.
9
Dhima, K.V., Lithourgidis, A.A., Vasilakoglou, I.B., & Dordas, C.A. (2007). Competition indices of common vetch and cereal intercrops in two seeding ratio. Field Crops Research, 100, 249-256.
10
FAOSTAT. (2016). From http://faostat.fao.org/
11
Haddadchi, G.R., & Gerivani, Z. (2009). Effects of phenolic extracts of canola (Brassica napus L.) on germination and physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. International Journal of Plant Production, 3(1), 63-74.
12
Hinze, L., & Kohel, R. (2012). Cotton. In: Gupta, S.K. (Ed.), Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops, Volume 1: Breeding. (pp.219-236). © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
13
Inamullah, H., Ahmad, F., Muhammad, Sirajuddin, G., Hassan & Gul, R. (2006). Diallel analysis of the inheritance pattern of agronomic traits of bread wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(4), 1169-1175
14
Jat, M.L., Gathala, M.K., Saharawat, Y.S., Tetarwal, J.P., Jat, R.K., Sapkota, T.B., Singh, R.G., Jat, M.L., Kumar, M., & Gupta, R.K. (2014). Seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice-wheat rotation of eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: yield trends and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 164, 199–210.
15
Jat, R.K., Sapkota, T.B., Singh, R.G., Jat, M.L., Kumar, M., & Gupta, R.K. (2014). Seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice-wheat rotation of eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: yield trends and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 164, 199–210.
16
Jones, O.R., & Popham, T. (1997). Cropping and tillage systems for dryland grain production. Agronomy Journal, 89, 222-232.
17
Kang, M.S. (1998). Using genotype-by-environment interaction for crop cultivar development. Advances in Agronomy, 62, 199–252.
18
Koocheki, A., Nasiri Mohalati, M., Zarea Feizabadi, A., & Jahanbin, G. (2004). Evaluation of variability in different cropping systems of Iran. Pajouhesh Va Sazandegi, 63, 70-81. (In Persion).
19
Munkholm, L.J., Heck, R.J., & Deen, B. (2013). Long-term rotation and tillage effects on soil structure and crop yield. Soil and Tillage Research, 127, 85–91.
20
Najafinejad,, H., Amiri, F., Ravari, S.Z., & Mahan, F. (2004). Effects of crop rotation and wheat plants residue management on yield of maize and some physical and chemical characteristics of soil. Proceedings of the 8th Iranian Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht, Iran. 24-26 (In Persion).
21
Parihar, C.M., Jat, S.L., Singh, A.K., Kumar, B., Singh, Y., Pradhan, S., Pooniya, V., Dhauja, A., Chaudhary, V., Jat, M.L., Jat, R.K., & Yadav, O.P. (2016). Conservation agriculture in irrigated intensive maize-based systems of north-western India: Effects on crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research, 193, 104-116.
22
Pilbeam, C.J., Wood, M., Harris, H.C., & Tuladhar, J. (1998). Productivity and nitrogen use of three different wheat-based rotations in northwest Syria. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 49, 451-458.
23
Popovici, M., & Bucurean, E. (2009). The influence of crop rotation over the yield and the quality of the seeds for the Dropia autumn wheat cultivar. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 41(1), 99-102.
24
Rahmati, M., Neishabouri, M.R., Oustan, Sh., & Faiziasl, V. (2010). Effects of wheat-fallow and wheat-pea rotations compared to wheat continual planting on soil physical characteristics. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 24(2), 155-163. (In Persion).
25
Singh, B.N., Vishwakarma, S.R., & Singh, V.K. (2010). Character association and path analysis in elite lines of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Plant Archives, 10(2), 845-847.
26
Sokoto, M.B., Abubakar, I.U., & Dikko, A.U. (2012). Correlation analysis of some growth, yield, yield components and grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 20(4), 349-356.
27
Tivet, F., Sá, J.C.M., Lal, R., Borszorwskei, P.R., Briedis, C., Sántos, J.B., Sá, M.F.M., Hartman, D.C., Eurich, G., Farias, A., Bouzinac, S., & Séguy, L. (2013). Soil organic carbon fraction losses upon continuous plow-based tillage and its restoration by diverse biomass-C inputs under no-till in sub-tropical and tropical regions of Brazil. Geoderma, 209–210, 214–225.
28
Tomar, S., & Tiwar, A. (1990). Production potential and economics of different crop sequences. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 32, 30-35.
29
Wienhold, B.J., & Halvorson, A.D. (1998). Cropping system influences on several soil quality attributes in the Northern Great Plains. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 53, 254-258.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of different growth media for tomato seedlings to optimize production and water use
ABSTRACT- Soilless cultivation systems are used to attain higher performance, improve crop quality, conserve water and land, and protect the environment better. This study has attempted to use some agricultural wastes and organic matter, and management practices to optimize water holding capacity of cultural media, which are suitable for the growth of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum.). Fifteen different substrate (growth media) mixtures with a mineral fraction (sand and perlite) and organic fractions (bagasse, oak tree bark, poplar wood chips) were prepared and compared. Sand (2-4mm) and perlite (4-6 mm) were mixed at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent volume ratios with organic fractions at 0, 30 and 60 percent. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and 3 replications with 6 observations per treatment. During the seedling growth period (45 days), every 7 days, 90 seedlings were harvested (data for three periods were used) to determine the effect of the growth media on different growth parameters(plant dry matter and leaf area) and indices (RGR, NAR, and SER). The growth rate of tomato seedlings generally increased over time the rate of which varied with treatments. Seedling height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight and dry matter indicated that the highest length (25.91 cm) and diameter (4.83 cm) of the tomato seedlings was in treatment eight (S30P10T30B0C30). It was also shown that the sand fraction as a mineral component had a better performance compared to perliter in growth parameters. For the organic component of the growth media, tree bark treatments were better than wood chips or bagasse. The bagasse treatment had the lowest fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root. The treatments with water holding capacity of 90-100% showed the best response in the growth of tomato seedlings.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4138_0c4569d6de1296d97886bc102737833a.pdf
2023-02-20
61
70
10.22099/iar.2017.4138
Keywords:
Soilless culture
Agricultural wastes
Seedling growth
water holding capacity
Wood chips
Bagasse
H.
MirseyedHosseini
mirseyed@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Alavipoor
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Delshad
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Albaho, M.S., Thomas, B., & Christopher, A. (2008). Evaluation of hydroponic techniques on growth and productivity of greenhouse grown bell pepper and strawberry. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 14(1), 23-40.
1
Black, A.L., Miller, R.H., & Keeney, D.R. (1989). Methods of soil analysis part 2. ASA, I. SSSA.
2
Cid-Ballarin, M.C., Socorro Monzon, A.R., & Zieslin, N. (1995). Changes in nutrient solution caused by volcanic cinder media of soilless greenhouse roses. In the canary Canary Islands. Acta Horticulture, 424, 107-110.
3
Delshad, M., Alifattahi, R., Taghavi, T., & Parsinezhad, M. (2011). Improving water use efficiency in irrigation scheduling strawberries in soilless culture. Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 25, 18-24.
4
Gauar, A.C., Neelakantan, S., & Dargan, K.S. (1990). Organic Manures. ICRA, New Delhi.
5
Gul, A., Kidoglu, F., & Anac, D. (2007). Effect of nutrient sources on cucumber production in different substrates. Horticultural Science. 113, 216-220.
6
Heydari, N., Islami, A., Ghadami Firozabadi, A., & Kanoni, A. (2006). Efficient crops in different regions of the country. First National Conference on Irrigation and Drainage Networks. (in Persian).
7
Inden, H., & Torres, A. (2004). Comparison of four substrates on the growth and quality of tomatoes. Acta Horticulture, 644, 205-210.
8
Islam, M.D.S., Khan, S., Ito, T., Maruo, T., & Shinohara, Y. (2002). Characterization of the physicochemical properties of environmentally friendly organic substrate in relation to rockwool. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 116, 215-221.
9
Kang, J.Y., Lee, H.H., & Kim, K.H. (2004). Physical and chemical properties of organic horticultural substrates used in Korea. International Symposium Growing Media and Hydroponics. Acta Horticulture, (644), 231-235.
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Khalighi, A., & Padasht, M. (2000). Effect ssubstrates derived from tree bark, tea wastes, bark, rice and Azollaas an alternative topeatin the development of dwarfmari gold. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47, 555-567.
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Lax, A., Roig, A., & Coasta, F. (1986). A method for determining the Cation exchange capacity of organic materials. Plant and Soils, (94), 349-355.
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Luo, H.T., & Bohme, M. (2001). Influence of humic acid on the growth of tomato in hydroponic systems. Acta Horticulture, 548, 451-458.
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Mitchell, J.P., Shennan, S.R., & May, D.M. (1991). Tomato fruit yields and quality under water deficit and salinity of plant substrates. Acta Horticulture, 302, 169-179.
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Olaniyi, J.O., Akanbi, W.B., Adejumo, T.A., & Ak, O.G. (2010). Growth, fruit yield and nutritional quality of tomato varieties. African Journal of Food Science, 4(6), 398-402
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Papadopoulos, A.P. (1994). Growing greenhouse tomatoes in soil and in soilless media Minister of supply and services Canada. Canada. No. A53-186511991E.ISBN O-662-18859-4.91.
16
Papadopoulos. A. P. & Hao, X. (2002). Interactions between nutrition and environmental conditions in hydroponics. Pages 411–443 in D. Savas and H. Passam, eds. Hydroponic production of vegetables and ornamentals. Embryo Publications, Athens, Greece
17
Pete, M.M., & Willits, D.H. (1995). Role of excess water in tomato fruit cracking. Horticultural Science , (30), 65-68.
18
Radawn, A.A., Hassan, A.A., & Malash, N.M. (1979). Physiological studies on tomato fruit firmness, total soluble solids and vitamin C contents. Research Bulletin. No (1063). Faculty of Agriculture, AinSham University, Cairo. Egypt. Acta Horticulture, 548, 173-179.
19
Resh, H.M. (2004). Hydroponic Food Production, Newconcept Press, Inc., ISBN-10. 093123199X, Mahwah, NJ., U. S. A.
20
Resh, H.M. (1993). Hydroponic Food Production, 5th ed. Woodbridge Press, Santa Barbara, CA.
21
Ribeiro, H.M., Romero, A.M., Pereira, H., Borges, P., Cabral, F., & Vasconcelos, E. (2007). Evaluation of a compost obtained from forestry wastes and solid phase of pig slurry as a substrate for seedlings production. Bioresource Technology, 98(17), 3294-3297.
22
Samiei, I., Khalighi, A., Kafi, M., Samavat, S., & Arghavani, M. (2005). Investigate the possibility of using waste cellulosic as a substitute for peat moss in growing media for ornamental plant leaves Aglaonema (Aglaonema commutatum Cv. Silver Queen). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, (In Persian), (2) 36, 503-510.
23
Sterrett, S.B. (2001). Compost as horticultural substrates for vegetable transplant production. Compost Utilization in Horticultural Cropping Systems. 227-240.
24
Tuzel, I.H., Tuzel, Y., Gul, A., & Eltez. R.Z. (2001). Effects of different irrigation schedules, substrate and substrate volumes on yield and fruit quality of tomatoes, Acta Horticulture, 548, 285-292.
25
Verdonck, O., Vleeschauwer, D., & Boodt, M. (1982). The influence of the substrates to plant growth. Acta Horticulture, 126, 251-258
26
Verdonck, O., & Gabriels, R. (1992). Reference method for the determination of physical properties of plant substrates. II. Reference method for the determination of chemical properties of plant substrates. Acta Horticulture, 302, 169-179.
27
Verdonck, O., & Demeyer, P. (2004) P.The infuence of the particle sizes on phisical properties of growing media. Acta Horticulture, 644, 99-101
28
Youssefian, Z., Mobli, M., & Aghdak, P. (2009). Effect of different planting bed and hydrogel on vegetative and reproductive traits Cherry. First National Congress of the Hydroponic and Greenhouse Production.(In Persian), Isfahan, Iran.October.28-30.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The study of particle size distribution of calcium carbonate and its effects on some soil properties in khuzestan province
ABSTRACT-This experiment was carried out to study particle size distribution (PSD) of carbonates in soils and its effect on some calcareous soil properties in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Soil samples (n=72) were collected from different regions. To evaluate the effect of carbonates on water contents at pressure head of -1500kpa and PSD of soil samples, these properties were determined before and after removing their calcium carbonate. Based on the results, removal of CaCO3 led to a change in PSD in all the samples and 70% of those changed textural class. Carbonates were most accumulated in clay and sand size in Abadan region while they were accumulated in silt and sand fractions in other areas. Also, evaluation of moisture retention at permanent wilting point (PWP) showed that this feature has been reduced in all samples after removal of carbonates. Following these changes, verification of key to soil taxonomy equation [Clay%= 2.5(% water retained at -1500 kPa tension-%organic carbon)] in calcareous soils of Khuzestan Province showed that this equation can be used with high reliability in calcareous soils of Abadan, Karoon, Haft-Tape agro-industries. However, this equation is not valid in Amir-Kabir and Debal-Khozaiea gro-industries. Our fitted equation [Clay % = (4.35*% water retained at -1500 kPa tension +35.3* % organic carbon)] has high reliability in predicting clay content in non-carbonate samples. This result suggests that the presence of carbonates and its distribution in soil particle size is an important factor in the variability of soil properties at arid and semiarid areas.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4147_3797455d5ff907097e58083fa5f6f6bd.pdf
2023-02-20
71
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10.22099/iar.2017.4147
Keywords:
Free carbonate clay
Soil taxonomy
Water Retention
N.
Asgari Hafshejani
n.asgari86@yahoo.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ahvaz University,Ahvaz, I.R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Jafari
2
Department of Soil Science, Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ahvaz University,Ahvaz, I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Allison, L. E., & Moodie, C. D. (1965). Carbonates. P. 1379-1396 in: Black (Ed.), Methods of soil Analysis. Part 2, American Society of Agronomy, WI.
1
Aryanpour, H., Shorafa, M., & Liaghat, A. (2012). Using of pedotransfer functions for studying the effect of soil cultivation on determining of soil moisture at field capacity and permanent wilting point. Journal of Water and Soil, 26, 1042-1050. (In Persian)
2
Bruand, A., Perez Fernandez, P., & Duval, O. (2003). Use of class pedotransfer functions based on texture and bulk density of clods to generate water retention curves. Soil Use and Management, 19, 232-242.
3
FAO.UNDP. (1972). Calcareous Soils. Report of the Regional Seminar on Reclamation and Management of Calcareous Soils, 27 Nov., Cairo. Egypt.
4
Francis, R. E., & Aguilar, R. (1994). Calcium carbonate effects on soil textural class in semiarid Wiland soils. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 9, 155-165.
5
Gardner, W. R., Hillel, D., & Benyamini, Y. (1970). Postirrigation movement of soil water: I. Redistribution. Water Resource Research, 6, 851-861.
6
Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle size analysis. In: A. Klute (Ed.). Method of soil analysis. Part, 3, 383-411.
7
Haverkamp, R., & Parlange, J. Y. (1986).Predicting the water retention curve from particle-size, distribution: Sandy soils without organic matter. Soil Science, 142, 325-339.
8
Hillel, D. (1998). Estimation soil physics. Academic Press, New York.
9
Jafari, S. (2005). Study of changes in structural, physicochemical, potassium fixation and clay minerals transformation of soils under sugarcane, rotational cropping and non-cultivated soils (Khuzestan), Iran.PhD thesis, Department of Soil Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz. I. R. Iran. 144p.
10
Jafari, S., & Nadian, H. (2012). Study of a toposequence soil series in some soils of Khozestan province. Journal of water and soil science, 69, 151-163.
11
Keshavarzi, A., Sarmadian, F., Labbafi, R., & Ahmadi, A. (2011). Developing pedotransfer function for estimating field capacity and permanent wilting point using fuzzy table look-up scheme. Computer and Information Science, 4, 130-141.
12
Khattab, S. A. A. & Al-Taie. L. Kh. I. (2006). Soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) for lime treated expansive soil from Mosul. Unsaturated Soils, 1671-1682.
13
Khodaverdiloo, H., & Homaee, M. (2002). Derivation of transfer functions to obtain soil moisture. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 10 (3), 35-46.
14
Khodaverdiloo, H., Homaee, M., Van Genuchten, M. T., & Ghorbani, D. S. (2011). Deriving and validating pedotransfer functions for some calcareous soils. Journal of Hydrology, 399, 93–99.
15
Kishchuk, B. E. (2000). Calcareous soil, their properties and potential limitation of conifer growth in southeastern British Columbia and western Alberta: a literature review. Canadian Forest Service Publications.Inf. Rep. NOR-X-370.
16
Kroetsch, D., & Wang, C. (2006).Particle size distribution. In: Carter, M.R., Gregorich, E.G. (Eds.), Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. CRC Press Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, pp, 713–725.
17
Moore, T. J., Hartwing, R. C., &. Loeppert, R. H. (1990). Steady-state procedure for determining the effective particle size distribution of soil carbonates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54, 55-59.
18
Moradi, F. (2012). Estimating the soil moisture retention curve using neural networks - Fuzzy in some Agro-Industries in Khuzestan province. M. Sc. The sis. Department of Soil Science. Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Ahvaz. I. R. Iran. 198p.
19
Motallebi, E., Homaee, M., Zarei, Gh. & Mahmoodi, S. (2011). Studying Effect of Lime on Hydraulic Properties Using Pedotransfer Functions in, Garmsar. Iranian Journal of lrrigation and Drainage, 4, 426-439.
20
Rajkai, K., Kabos, S., Van Genuchten and, M. Th., & Jansson, P. E. (1996). Estimating of water retention characteristics from the bulk density and particle size distribution of Swedish soils. Soil Science, 161, 832-845.
21
Rawls, W. J., Pachepsky, Y. A., Ritchie, J. C., Sobecki, T. M., & Blood worth, H. (2003). Effect of soil organic carbon on soil water retention. Geoderma, 116, 61-76.
22
Sabbah, A., Gorji, M., Rafahi, H., & Shahooe, S. (1999). Relationship between soil erodibility factors (K in USLE) with aggregate stability in major soil series of Qazvin. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 30, 596-609. (In Persian)
23
Soil survey staff. (2014). Key to soil taxonomy. (12st Ed.). Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
24
Zhang, X. C., & Norton, L. D. (2002). Effect of exchangeable Mg on saturated hydraulic conductivity, disaggregation and clay dispersion of disturbed soils. Journal of Hydrology, 260, 194-205.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of neutralized and non-neutralized pomegranate pulp on features of Eisenia fetida and vermicompost
ABSTRACT - Vermicomposting with pomegranate pulp can not only prevent pollution of the environment but can also create jobs, generate added value and prevent the waste of energy and the country's capital. This factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The first factor (a) in two levels contained neutralized pomegranate pulp with lime and non-neutralized pulp. The second factor (b) vermicomposting mediums which included 9 levels of pomegranate pulp (with levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 percentage) and cow manure in three replications that formed a total of 54 experimental units. Also, ninety mature earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were put into each experimental unit. During the experiment, the daily moisture of mediums was set by weight at 70% of field capacity and the growth chamber temperature at 25±2˚C. The results showed that if pomegranate pulp percentage increases, the population of infant worms (220 worms) and Eisenia fetida worms’ cocoons (114 numbers) decreases but increasing the population and biomass of adult worms was observed at level of 25 percentage of pomegranate pulp. In addition, the percentage of organic carbon (30.32%) and vermicompost C/N ratio (27.87%) increased by pomegranate pulp enhancement in medium. Also, the highest percentage of nitrogen of vermicompost (1.69%) was found at level of 25 percentage of pomegranate pulp. Furthermore, neutralized pomegranate pulp with lime had improved the measured traits in produced vermicompost and worms compared to non-neutralized pulp in most cases.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4192_660556d6086c6c814a1a5f92638ca70f.pdf
2023-02-20
81
90
10.22099/iar.2017.4192
Keywords:
Earthworm
Manure
Pomegranate pulp
Vermicomposting
H.
Allahyari
1
Department of soil science, Soil and Water Engineering Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
ahangar@uoz.ac.ir
2
Department of soil science, Soil and Water Engineering Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Shirmohammadi
3
Department of soil science, Soil and Water Engineering Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
T.
Hadad
4
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol I.R. Iran
AUTHOR
Antoun, N., & Tsimidou, M. (1997). Gourmet olive oils: stability and consumer acceptability studies. Food Research International, 30, 131-136.
1
Aquino, A.M., Almeida, D.E., Freire, D.L., & Polli, H.D.E. (1994). Earthworms (Oligochaeta) reproduction in manure and sugarcane bagasse. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileria, 29, 161-168.
2
Atiyeh, R.M., Dominguez, J., Subler, S., & Edwards, C.A. (2000). Changes in biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia andrei, Bouché) and the effects on seedling growth. Pedobiologia, 44, 709-724.
3
Banu, J.R., Esakkiraj, S. Nagendran, R., & Logakanthi, S. (2005). Logakanthi: Biomanagement of petrochemical sludge using an exotic earthworm Eudrilus eugineae. Journal of Environmental Biology, 26, 43-47.
4
Bartha, R., & Pramer, D. (1965). Features of a flask and method for measuring the persistence and biological effects of pesticides in soil. Soil Science, 100, 68-70.
5
Chauhan, H.K., & Singh, K. (2013). Effect of tertiary combinations of animal dung with agrowastes on the growth and development of earthworm Eisenia fetida during organic waste management. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 2, 1-7.
6
Ebadi, L., Gerami, A., & Sami, K. (2006). To study growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida earthworms and breeding grounds of various industrial and agricultural waste. Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture, 76, 165-170.
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Edwards, C.A. (1988). Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms. In Edwards, C.A., and Neuhauser, E.F. (Eds.), Earthworms in waste and environmental management (pp. 21–31). SPB Academic Publishing: Hague.
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Edwards, C.A. (2004). Earthworm ecology (Ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. FI.
9
Edwards, C.A., Arancon, N.Q., & Sherman, R.L. (2010). Vermiculture technology: earthworms, organic wastes, and environmental management. Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor and Francis 5 Group.
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12
Garcia, M.C., Suarez Estrella, F., Lopez, M.J., & Moreno, J. (2010). Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials. Waste Management, 30, 771-778.
13
Garg, Y.K., Yadav, A., Shaoran, S., Chand. S., & Kashik. P. (2006). Livestock excreta management through vermicompost using an epigeic earthworm Eisenia Fetida. Springer Science Environmentalist, 26, 269-276.
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Kaplan, D., Hartenstein, R., Neuhauser, E., & Malecki, M. (1980). Physicochemical requirements in the environment of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 12, 347-352.
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Manyuchi, M.M., Phiri, A., Muredzi, P., & Chirinda, N. (2013). Effect of drying on vermicompost macronutrient composition. International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences, 1(10), 1-3.
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Mirjalili, A. (2003). Recognition of pomegranate (1sted.). Agricultural Education Press.
21
Mohamed, H.M.A., & Awatif, I.I. (1998). The use of sesame oil unsaponifiable matter as a natural antioxidant. Food Chemistry, 62, 269-276.
22
MohdZin, Z., & Abdul Hamid, A. (2002). Ant oxidative activity of extracts from Mengkuda (Morinda citrifoloa L.) root, fruit and leaf. Food Chemistry, 78, 227-231.
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Mousavi, F., & Raeesi, F. (2009). The role of organic materials in maintaining and proliferation of Lumbricus earthworms’ population in arid and semi-arid territory of Iran. Fourth Regional Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (pp. 123-127). (In Persian)
24
Munroe, G. (2007). Manual of on-farm vermicomposting and vermiculture. Publication of Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada.
25
Musaida, M., Manyuchi, G., Mphiri, I., chrinda, N., Muredzi, P.J., & sengudzwa, T. (2012). Vermicomposting of waste corn pulp blended with cow dung manure using Eisenia Fetida. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 68, 1306-1309.
26
Ndegwa, P.M., Thompson, S.A., & Das, K.C. (2000). Effects of stocking density and feeding rate on vermicomposting of biosolids. Bioresource Technology, 71, 5-12.
27
Onur, C., Pekmezci, M., Tibet, H., Erkan, M., & Kuzu, S. (1995). Investigations on pomegranate storage. 2nd National Horticulture Congress (pp. 696-700). Adana, Turkey. Cukurova University.
28
Prakash, M., & Karmegam N. (2010). Dynamics of nutrients and micro flora during vermicomposting of mango leaf litter (Mangiferaindica) using Perionyxceylanensis. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 10, 339-353.
29
Pramanik, P., Ghosh, G.K., Ghosal, P.K., & Banik, P. (2007). Changes in organic-C, N, P and K and enzyme activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic waste under liming and microbial inoculants. Bioresource Technology, 98, 2485-2494.
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31
Sangwan, P., Kaushik, C.P., & Garg, V.K. (2010). Vermicomposting of sugar industry waste (press mud) mixed with cow dung employing an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Waste Management & Research, 28, 71-75.
32
Shayanfar, H. (2012). Vermicomposting at a glance. Agriculture and Natural Resources Engineering Organization of Tehran Province. (In Persian)
33
Siddique, J., Amirkhan, A., Hussain, I., & Akhtar, S.H. (2005). Growth and reproduction of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in different organic media. Department of Zoology, University of Arid Agriculture, 37, 211-214.
34
Singh, K., Nath, G., Rai, R., & Shukla, R.C. (2013). Food Preference of Eiseniafoetida among Different Combinations of Animal Dung and Agro/ Kitchen Wastes. Botony Research Internatuional, 6, 23-26.
35
Sitre, S.R. (2014). Utilization of Eisenia fetida in vermicompost production at rural level using organic waste of plant origin. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 4, 227-231.
36
Suthar, S. (2009). Vermicomposting of vegetable-market solid waste using Eisenia fetida: Impact of bulking material on earthworm growth and decomposition rate. Ecological Engineering, 35, 914-920.
37
Viel, M., Sayag, D., Peyre, A., & André, L. (1987). Optimization of in-vessel co-composting through heat recovery. Biological Wastes, 20, 167-185.
38
Wood, M. (1998). Soil Biology: Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary (1sted.). Springer US: Blackie and Son Ltd.
39
Yadav, A., & Garg, V.K. (2010). Bioconversion of Food Industry Sludge into value-added product (vermicompost) using epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 7, 225-238.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of selenium and salicylic acid effect on physiological and qualitative characteristics of dry-land wheat cultivars
ABSTRACT-This experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research station of the Islamic Azad University-Arak Branch, Iran, in 2011 and 2012. Experimental factors consisted of three levels of salicylic acid (SA); seed priming with distilled water (hydro priming), seed priming with 0.5 mM SA, and 0.5 mM SA seed priming 1 mM SA spraying; two levels of selenium (Se); 0 and 20 g ha-1, and three rain-fed wheat cultivars: Azar 2, Sardari, and Rasad. The results showed that SA seed priming combined with foliar application together with spraying of Se increased the relative water content in Azar 2 and Rasad cultivars compared to the hydro priming. The foliar application of Se increased the leaves proline amounts and grain Se concentration in wheat cultivars. Priming with SA combined with a spray of Se decreased the electrolyte leakage by 32% as compared to the control. The application of SA combined with foliar application of Se increased the proline amounts of leaves and grain Se concentration. Seed priming of SA in combination with foliar application of Se increased the grain gluten content in Sardari and Rasad cultivars. The highest productivity index (63.12%) and grain yield (1585.01 kg ha-1) were obtained from Azar 2 cultivar. The results suggested that applying SA and Se may help in alleviating damage and improving the tolerance of drought stress and grain quality in wheat.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4228_c47d82e2200e673819da1c533187265a.pdf
2023-02-20
91
100
10.22099/iar.2017.4228
Keywords:
Electrolyte leakage
Grain yield
Proline content
Wet Gluten content
Nourali
Sajedi
n-sajedi@iau-arak.ac.ir
1
Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmadi, K., Gholizadah, H., Abadzadeh, H., Hatami, F., Fazle Estabragh. M., Hossienpour, R., Kazamian, A., & Rafiei, M. (2016). Agricultural Statistics. Crop production. Vol 1. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad.
1
Aman, Y.A., Habibi, D., Mashhadi Akbar Boujar, M., & Khodabandeh, N. (2005). Antioxidant enzyme as index for select of different geno-types of sunflower for drought tolerance. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 1(1), 1–11.
2
Arfan, M., Athar, H.R., & Ashraf, M. (2007). Does exogenous application of salicylic acid through the rooting medium modulate growth and photosynthetic capacity in two differently adapted spring wheat cultivars under salt stress? Journal of Plant Physiology, l64 (6), 685-694.
3
Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P., & Treare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), 205–207.
4
Chaves, M.M., & Oliveira, M.M. (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: prospects for water-saving agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(407), 2365-2384.
5
Daneshyan, J., Majidi Heravan, E., & Jonoubi, P. (2002). Evaluation of drought stress and potassium application on quantitative and qualitative soybean characteristic. Journal Agricultural Sciences, 8(1), 95-108.
6
Dhopte, A.M., & Manuel, L. M. (2002). Principles and Techniques for Plant Scientists. Lst Ed. Updesh purohit for Agrobios (India).
7
Dolatabadian, A., Modares Sanavi, M., & Aatemadi, F. (2008). Effect pre-treatment salicylic acid on germination of wheat under salinity stress condition. Iranian Journal of Biology, 21(4), 692-702.
8
Ducsay, L., & Lozek, O. (2006). Effect of selenium foliar application on its content in winter wheat grain. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52(2), 78–82.
9
Emami, A. (1996). The Method of Plant Analysis. Issue of Soil and Water research Institute. No. 982.
10
Feng, R., Wei, C., & Tu, S. (2013). The roles of selenium in protecting plants against abiotic stresses. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 87, 58–68.
11
Germ, M., Stibilj, V., & Kreft, I. (2007). Metabolic Importance of Selenium for Plants. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1(1):91-97.
12
Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan. M., & Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid under Changing Environment. A review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 68 (1), 14-25.
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Hawrylak Nowak, B. (2008). Effect of selenium on selected macronutrients in maize plants. Journal of Elementlogy, 13(4), 513-519.
14
Jiriaie, M. & Sajedi, N.A. (2012). Effect of plant growth regulators on agro physiological traits of wheat (Tritium aestivum L. var. Shahriar) under water deficit stress. Research on Crops, 13(1), 37–45.
15
Khademi, O., Zamani, Z., Mostofi, Y., Kalantari, S., & Ahmadi, A. (2012). Extending storability of persimmon fruit cv. Karaj by postharvest application of salicylic acid. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(5), 1067-1074.
16
Khan, N., Syeed, S., Masood, A., Naza, R., & Iqbal, N. (2010). Application of salicylic acid increases contents of nutrients and ant oxidative metabolism in mango bean and alleviates adverse effects of salinity stress. International Journal of Plant Biology, 1:e1.1-8.
17
Kashin, V.K., & Shubina, O.I. (2011). Biological effect and selenium accumulation in wheat under conditions of selenium deficient biogeochemical province, Chemistry for Sustainable Development, 19(2), 145-150.
18
Lyons, G.H., Genc, Y., Soole, K., Stangoulis, J.C. R., Liu, F. & Graham, R.D. (2009). Selenium increases seed production in Brassica. Plant and Soil, 318(1), 73–80.
19
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20
Oraghi Ardebili, N., Saadatmand, S. Niknam, V., & Khavari Nejad, R.A. (2014). The alleviating effects of selenium and salicylic acid in salinity exposed soybean. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36(12), 3199–3205.
21
Pirasteh Anosheh, H., Emam, Y., Ashraf, M., & Foolad, M.R. (2012). Exogenous application of salicylic acid and chlormequat chloride alleviates negative effects of drought stress in wheat. Advanced Studies in Biology, 4(11), 501-520.
22
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23
Rasmussen, J.B., Hammerschmidt, R., & Zook, M.N. (1991). Systematic induction of salicylic acid accumulation in cucumber inoculation with Pseudomonas Syringae pv. Syringae. Plant Physiology, 97(4), 1342-1347.
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25
Sajedi, N.A., Ardakani, M.R., Madani, H., Naderi, A., & Miransari, M. (2011). The effects of selenium and other micronutrients on the antioxidant activities and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 17(3), 215–222.
26
Sajedi, N.A., Ferasat, M., Mirzakhani, M., & Mashhadi Akbar Boojar, M. (2012). Impact of water deficit stress on biochemical characteristics of safflower cultivars. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 18(4), 323–329.
27
Sajedi, N.A., & Mashhadi Akbar Boujar, M. (2013). Response of antioxidant compounds to selenium and salicylic acid in wheat cultivars under dry land conditions. Acta Agronomica Hungarians, 61(1), 79–87.
28
Shamim, A., Rashid, A., Muhammad, Y.A., Ashraf, M., & Ejaz, A.W. (2009). Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(2), 647–654.
29
Singh, B., & Usha, K. (2003). Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 39(2), 137-141.
30
Tamaoki, M., Freeman, J.L., Pilon Smits, E.A.H. (2008). Cooperative ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling regulates selenite resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology, 146(3), 1219– 1230.
31
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32
Vahdati Mashhadian, N., Tehran Far, A., Bayat, H., & Selahvarzi, Y. (2012). Salicylic and citric acid treatments improve the vase life of cut chrysanthemum flowers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(4), 879-887.
33
Valifard, M., Moradshahi, A., & Kholdebarin, B. (2012). Biochemical and physiological responses of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to drought stress applied at seedling stage. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14, 1567-1578.
34
Wang, J., Wang, Zh., Maoa, H., Zhaoa, H., & Huanga, D. (2013). Increasing Se concentration in maize grain with soil- or foliar-applied selenite on the Loess Plateau in China. Field Crops Research, 150, 83–90.
35
Waseem, M., Athar, H.U.R., & Ashraf, M. (2006). Effect of salicylic acid applied through rooting medium on drought tolerance of wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(4), 1127-1136.
36
Wheat national standard, number 2087. (1997). Cereals- sampling method.
37
Wheat national standard, number 2705. (1995). Cereals and its product.
38
Yao, X., Chu, J., & Wang, G. (2009). Effects of drought stress and selenium supply on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31(5), 1031-1036.
39
Yao, X., Chu, J., He, X., & Ba, C. (2011). Protective role of selenium in wheat seedlings subjected to enhanced UV-B radiation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 58(2), 283–289.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Leaf area estimation by a simple and non-destructive method
In this study, the relation between leaf area and its dimensions was estimated using a non-destructive method. This method is based on this fact that the leaf shape does not change during the growing season. In this method, leaf area during the growing season is estimated based on the dimensions of the smallest leaf in the initial stage of plant growth or at any growth stage by measuring the leaf area and dimensions of this leaf (K= ), where the K value was obtained by dividing the measured area of smallest leaf (LAs) by its dimensions; length (Ls) and width (Ws).This method was used for 16 plant species. The values of the index of agreement and normalized root mean square error for all plants showed a good agreement between the measured and estimated leaf area by this method.
https://iar.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4157_f7537396167a631d060d241bfe25fbc4.pdf
2023-02-20
101
105
10.22099/iar.2017.4157
Leaf area
Leaf length
Leaf width
Non-destructive method
Ali
Shabani
shabani8ali@gmail.com
1
Department of Irrigation, College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A. R.
Sepaskhah
2
Department of Irrigation, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Cristofori, V., Rouphael, Y., Gyves, E.M., & Bignami, C. (2007).A simple model for estimating leaf area of hazelnut from linear measurements. Scientia Horticulturae, 113, 221-225.
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Jamieson, P.D., Porter, J.R., & Wilson, D.R. (1991). A test of computer simulation model ARC-WHEAT1 on wheat crops grown in New Zealand. Field Crops Research, 27, 337–350.
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McKee, G.W. (1964). A coefficient for computing leaf area in hybrid corn. Agronomy Journal, 56, 240–241.
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4
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5
Peksen, E. (2007). Non-destructive leaf area estimation model for faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 113, 322-328.
6
Sepaskhah, A.R. (1977). Estimation of individual and total leaf area of safflowers. Agronomy Journal, 69, 783-785.
7
Shabani, A., Sepaskhah, A.R., & KamkarHaghighi, A.A. (2013). Growth and physiologic response of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to deficit irrigation, water salinity and planting method. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(3), 569-596.
8
Stewart, D.W., & Dwyer, L.M. (1999). Mathematical characterization of leaf shape and area in maize hybrids. Crop Science, 39, 422–427.
9
Wiersma, J.V., & Bailey, T.B. (1975). Estimation of leaflet, trifoliate, and total leaf areas of soybean. Agronomy Journal, 67, 26–30. Willmott, C.J., Rowe, C.M., & Mintz, Y. (1985). Climatology of terrestrial seasonal water cycle. Journal of Climatology, 5, 589–606.
10